Energy Storage and Conversion

Description

In the era of new technology, research and application in the field of energy demonstrate strong potential for exploration and development. These directly impact the sustainable use of resources and the advancement of science and technology. The journal of Energy Storage and Conversion (eISSN: 3029-2778) focuses on the production, storage, transformation and application value of energy. We are very receptive to novel discoveries in energy and resource sectors, and are committed to exploring their sustainable exploitation and valuble utilization. Please refer to the Focus and Scopes of the journal for more details.

Latest Articles

Open Access

Review

Article ID: 1920

A review on MXene (Ti₃C₂Tx) composites with varied sizes of carbon for supercapacitor applications
by Ruby Garg

Energy Storage and Conversion, Vol.3, No.1, 2025;

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/esc1920

MXenes belongs to a family of two‐dimensional (2D) layered transition metal carbides or nitrides which shows outstanding potential for various energy storage applications because of their high‐specific surface area, phenomenal electrical conductivity, outstanding hydrophilicity, and variable terminations. Of these different types of MXenes, the most widely studied member is Ti₃C₂T_x especially in supercapacitors (SCs). However, due to the problem of stacking and oxidation in MXene sheets, significant loss of electrochemically active sites happens. To overcome these issues, incorporation of carbon materials is carried out into MXenes for enhancing its electrochemical performance. This review aims to introduce various common strategies employed in synthesizing Ti₃C₂T_x, followed by a brief overview of latest developments in fabricating Ti₃C₂T_x/carbon electrode materials for SCs. The composition of Ti₃C₂T_x/carbon are summarized based on different dimensions of carbons, such as 0D carbon dots, 1D carbon nanotubes and fibers, 2D graphene, and 3D carbon materials (activated carbon, polymer‐derived carbon, etc.). Further, this review also aims in highlighting several insights on fabrication of novel MXenes/carbon composites as electrodes for application in SCs.

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Open Access

Article

Article ID: 1984

Thermal imaging-based fault detection and energy efficiency analysis in a 1.6 MW photovoltaic system in Bağyurdu OIZ, Türkiye
by Cihan Yalçın

Energy Storage and Conversion, Vol.3, No.1, 2025;

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/esc1984

The present study assesses the influence of thermal imaging defect detection on the energy efficiency of a 1.6 MW solar power facility in the Bağyurdu Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ) in İzmir, Turkey. Thermal imaging has demonstrated efficacy in detecting serious problems in photovoltaic (PV) panels, including hot spots, inoperative modules, faulty connections, and shadowing, which substantially impact system performance. A comprehensive investigation revealed that around 15% of the photovoltaic panels displayed defects, resulting in a 16% decrease in system performance and an estimated yearly energy loss of 0.35 GWh. The study emphasizes the benefits of thermal imaging compared to conventional fault detection techniques, including its capacity for swift and non-invasive identification of localized overheating, which may lead to fires, and its ability to discern fluctuations in energy output due to shading or malfunctioning modules. The results underscore the necessity for routine thermal evaluations and maintenance to guarantee photovoltaic systems’ operational efficacy and dependability. This study enhances the sparse data on large-scale photovoltaic systems in Türkiye and illustrates the effectiveness of thermal imaging as an economical and accurate diagnostic instrument. Future studies should amalgamate thermal imaging with sophisticated diagnostic techniques, like electroluminescence testing and machine learning, to augment fault detection precision and optimize photovoltaic system efficacy.

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Open Access

Article

Article ID: 1956

Impacts of wind turbine characteristics on wake turbulence
by Shifeng Wang, Sicong Wang

Energy Storage and Conversion, Vol.3, No.1, 2025;

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/esc1956

The enhanced wake turbulence generated by wind turbine has remarkable effects on the power generation and fatigue loads of wind farm and the environment. The paper investigates the mechanism of the impacts of the wind turbine characteristics on the wake turbulence, to provide new knowledge on the design of wind turbine to wind turbine manufacturing factories. A novel wake turbulence coefficient is developed to quantify the ratio of the generated turbulence kinetic energy to the captured wind energy, and is derived as the function of wind turbine characteristics. This wake turbulence coefficient model is explored under optimal conditions. Results show that the wake turbulence coefficient decreases sharply with the increasing power coefficient of wind turbine. The larger the power coefficient is, the smaller the decrease of wake turbulence coefficient. Therefore, it is an effective way to reduce the enhanced wake turbulence through increasing the power coefficient, especially when the power coefficient is small. The wake turbulence intensity is the strongest around the hub of rotor and the weakest around the tip of rotor. It is therefore important to design the structure of the hub of rotor to reduce the enhanced wake turbulence.

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Open Access

Article

Article ID: 1957

Modeling of energy gain in bifacial vertical PV fences
by Aasim A. Azooz, Zeyad T. Ali

Energy Storage and Conversion, Vol.3, No.1, 2025;

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/esc1957

A quantitative model-based analysis was conducted to estimate the percentage output energy ratio of vertically installed bifacial PV modules in fences, cattle barriers, and roadsides compared to the output energy of two types of monofacial PV installations. The first comparison is between the output of the vertical bifacial PV fence and the output of the same fence furnished with vertically installed monofacial PV modules. The second comparison is between the output of the vertical bifacial fence and the output of south-facing monofacial PV modules installed at the optimal inclination angle for the particular latitude. The results show that bifacial fences can produce net yearly energy outputs up to 80% higher than those of monofacial PV modules. Additionally, vertical bifacial PV fences produce only a few percent lower energy compared to optimally installed monofacial PV modules. A MATLAB software program was written to calculate the gain of fences of any geometry, and it has been made freely available. Examples of gain results for a few such geometries are presented.

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Open Access

Article

Article ID: 1764

Biogas as fuel for the lowest-level power plants
by Miłosz Ciurkot, Piotr Olczak

Energy Storage and Conversion, Vol.3, No.1, 2025;

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/esc1764

In the face of European climate policy, the aim of which is to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, we are still looking for alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. Apart from the obvious solutions offered by wind and solar energy, it is worth paying attention to a still undeveloped, but potentially developing branch of energy, which is generating energy from biogas. Poland currently produces 638 million m³ of biogas per year and has biogas installations with a total installed capacity of 276 MW. However, these numbers still do not fully satisfy both Polish possibilities and needs. This study analyzes the current use of this fuel in the Polish energy sector, as well as the possibilities and future prospects for biogas as a fuel for distributed generation power plants in Poland. The current review of the use of biogas as a fuel clearly indicates that biogas is not a commonly used renewable energy source with a total share of power among other RES sources of 4.2%. The analyses also indicated that the maximum theoretical Polish potential for biogas production may reach even 4.2 billion m³. At the end of the article, simple financial analyses were made regarding the profitability of investments in agricultural biogas plants, and their results showed a high profitability of investments in such energy units (theoretical payback periods of financial outlays are only 4 years).

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Open Access

Article

Article ID: 2074

Effective Nano-manufacturing of T-Nb₂O₅ for supercapacitor applications
by Surjit Sahoo, Anand Kumar Gandham, Vijay Kumar Pal

Energy Storage and Conversion, Vol.2, No.4, 2024;

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/esc2074

Characterized by unique physical and chemical properties, metal oxide materials have garnered significant attention for research and development in energy storage device applications. In the current work, we present a simple and low-cost synthesis protocol for orthorhombic-phase niobium oxide (T-Nb₂O₅) electrodes, aimed at supercapacitor applications. The as-prepared T-Nb₂O₅ was characterized utilizing field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confirming the formation of orthorhombic-phase T-Nb₂O₅ nanoparticles. Detailed electrochemical analyses were conducted on T-Nb₂O₅, utilizing 1 M LiOH as the electrolyte. The unique nanoparticle architecture of T-Nb₂O₅ offers abundant electro-active sites and enhances reaction kinetics, leading to high specific capacitance. Notably, the T-Nb₂O₅ electrode achieved a gravimetric capacitance of approximately 23 F g⁻¹ at the lowest sweep rate (5 mV s⁻¹). These findings highlight the potential of T-Nb₂O₅ as an effective electroactive material for supercapacitors.

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Announcements

2024 Clarivate Highly Cited Researchers—Prof. Yuping Wu and Prof. Yong Wang Recognized

2024-12-26

We are delighted to announce that two editorial board members, Prof. Yuping Wu and Prof. Yong Wang, have been named 2024 Highly Cited Researchers! This prestigious recognition celebrates their outstanding contributions and the significant impact of their research in the global academic community.

New Breakthrough in CO2 Electroreduction: Nitrided Copper-Iron Composite Oxides Transform Carbon Dioxide into Valuable Chemicals！

2024-10-08

We are excited to announce a groundbreaking study published in the latest issue of Energy Storage and Conversion (Volume 2, Issue 2, 2024), featuring a novel material that significantly advances the field of carbon dioxide (CO₂) electroreduction. The article introduces a new class of catalysts derived from layered double hydroxides (LDHs) that have demonstrated exceptional performance in converting CO₂into methane (CH₄) and formic acid (HCOOH).

Editor-in-Chief

Prof. Xiaohu Yang

Xi'an Jiaotong University, China

eISSN

3029-2778

Publication Frequency

Quarterly

About the Publisher

Academic Publishing insists on taking academic exchange and publication as the main line, carrying out comprehensive management based on science and technology, and fully exploring excellent international publishing resources. Within 5 years, it will form a strategic framework and scale with science (S), technology (T), medicine (M), education (E), and humanities and arts (H) as the main publishing fields. Academic Publishing is headquartered in Singapore and based in Malaysia, with the United States and China providing the main scientific and academic resources. At the same time, it has established long-term good cooperative relations with other publishing companies, scientific research communities, and academic organizations in more than a dozen countries and regions. Academic Publishing uses English and Chinese as its main publishing languages, mainly publishing books, journals, and conference papers in print and online. The vast majority of publications follow the international open access policy, providing stable and long-term quality and professional publications. With the joint efforts of the expert team and our professional editorial team, our publications will gradually be indexed by international databases in stages to provide convenient and professional retrieval for various scholars. At the same time, manuscripts we accept will be subject to the peer review principle, and cutting-edge and innovative research articles will be preferentially accepted for peer reference and discussion. All kinds of our publications are welcome for peer to contribute, access, and download.

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Volume Arrangement

2025

2024

2023

Featured Articles

Nitrided Copper-Iron Composite Oxides Derived from Layered Double Hydroxides for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Methane and Formic Acid

The reduction of carbon dioxide to valuable chemical products is a promising solution to address carbon balance and energy issues. Herein, amorphous nitrided copper-iron oxides are prepared by gas-phase nitriding of Cu Fe-layered double hydroxide precursor s with urea as nitrogen source. Amorphous materials are more likely to generate defect vacancies during the reaction process, and these vacancies can function as active sites for catalytic reactions. Therefore, the obtained materials show high activity for CO 2 electroreduction to methane and formic acid, achieving a total Faraday efficiency of 74.7% at −0.7 V vs RHE and exhibiting a continuous 10 h durability in the H-cell. The uniformly distributed Cu + sites act as active sites by losing electrons to activate CO 2 . During the CO 2 electroreduction , CO 2 is converted to *COOH via proton-electron coupling, *COOH combines directly with a proton in solution to produce the HCOOH product, and the other part of *COOH undergoes a protonated dehydration process to form the *CHO intermediate which dehydrates again to form CH 4 . This study provides a new approach for designing CO 2 electroreduction catalysts.

AlZnO magnetron sputtered thin film for photovoltaic application

Aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) is a nontoxic and a low-cost material that finds application as a transparent conducting electrode in photovoltaic devices. In this study the (direct current) DC magnetron sputtering of AZO films is carried out at different deposition times of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min’s at room temperature and it’s structural, optical, electrical and morphological properties are studied for its use as a front contact for thin film solar cell application. The structural study suggests that the preferred orientation of grains along (002) plane having hexagonal structure and the optical and the electrical studies suggest that the films show an average transmission of 70% and a resistivity of the order of 10 -4 Ωcm. On the other hand, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images suggest the formation of packed grains having a homogeneous surface. Moreover in order to study the optoelectronic properties of prepared samples, the electronic and optical calculations of the AZO are performed by the first-principles calculations using density functional theory (DFT).

Investigation of self-excited induction generator for supporting domestic loads and its extension to a microgrid

This study provides a technical and financial analysis for the incorporation of a microgrid structure with a wind energy conversion system for producing electricity. This study’s primary aim is to provide solutions for issues that arise when isolated induction generators are employed with microgrids. A closed-loop smart electronic load controller is used to regulate the loads in the system that are supplied by the generation. A switched variable capacitor bank is used to supply reactive power initially during a voltage dip at varying winds and loads to sustain the voltage profile. Additionally, a simple voltage control loop-based controller for the generator side converter maintains the voltage at a steady level. Using HOMER software, an economic study of the suggested wind-based microgrid structure is also presented. A laboratory experimental setup is used to support the MATLAB/Simulink study of the proposed method and its control. The findings back the feasibility of implementing the suggested plan in grid-isolated regions for supplying critical loads.

Research progress on ZnO/MoS₂/rGO ternary photocatalysts

Energy shortage and environmental pollution have become one of the important global issues, and semiconductor photocatalytic technology is considered as one of the effective means to solve these problems. As a new and efficient green material, ZnO has attracted wide attention. ZnO is widely used in the field of photocatalysis due to its non-toxicity, low cost, environmental friendliness, adjustable band gap, high electron density, and chemical stability. However, the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in ZnO hinders its practical application and lowers the utilization efficiency of visible light. On the other hand, molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide (MoS₂ /rGO), as a binary non-precious metal co-catalyst, has a larger specific surface area, suitable band gap width, and visible light response capability compared to single-phase graphene co-catalyst. Therefore, introducing MoS₂ /rGO co-catalyst into the ZnO system can provide more active sites, reduce the probability of photogenerated charge carrier recombination, and improve the utilization efficiency of visible light. In this review, we summarize the hydrothermal synthesis methods for preparing this highly demanded nanocomposite material, including one-step and stepwise methods. Subsequently, we elaborate on the mechanism of enhancing light absorption and achieving efficient electron-hole separation behavior in the ternary system heterojunction structure during the photocatalytic process. Due to its significant advantages, this ternary system heterojunction structure has been widely applied in the field of photocatalysis, including applications such as pollutant degradation, sterilization, and water splitting.

Wind power forecasting technologies: A review

This study addresses the critical role of wind power forecasting in ensuring stable and reliable power system operations. Wind Power Forecasting is critical for the efficient operation of plant, time scheduling, and it’s balancing of power generation with grid integration systems. Due to its dependency on dynamic climatic conditions and associated factors, accurate wind power forecasting is challenging. The research delves into various aspects, including input data, input selection techniques, data pre-processing, and forecasting methods, with the aim of motivating researchers to design highly efficient online/offline models on weather-based data. The overarching goal is to enhance the reliability and stability of power systems while optimizing energy resource utilization. The analysis reveals that hybrid models offer more accurate results, highlighting their significance in the current era. This study investigates different Wind Power Forecasting (WPF) models from existing literature, focusing on input variables, time horizons, climatic conditions, pre-processing techniques, and sample sizes that affect model accuracy. It covers statistical models like ARMA and ARIMA, along with AI techniques including Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML), and neural networks, to estimate wind power.

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