Large-scale transferability of a PSO-optimized hybrid energy system: A comparative study of two African regions

Souleymane Kientega; Mohammed  Ferfra; Youssef  El Baqqal

doi:10.59400/esc4058

Large-scale transferability of a PSO-optimized hybrid energy system: A comparative study of two African regions

Souleymane Kientega
Research Team in Power and Control, Mohammadia’s School of Engineering, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat P.B. 765, Morocco
Mohammed Ferfra
Research Team in Power and Control, Mohammadia’s School of Engineering, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat P.B. 765, Morocco
Youssef El Baqqal
Research Team in Power and Control, Mohammadia’s School of Engineering, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat P.B. 765, Morocco

Article ID: 4058

Keywords: hybrid renewable energy systems, particle swarm optimization, techno-economic optimization, system reliability, transferability analysis

Abstract

This study looks at the resilience and cross-region fidelity of a HRES (Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems) across multiple climates in Africa. The study modelled the systems with a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm in MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory). “Large-scale transferability” refers to the system’s capacity maintained against tight acceptance criteria. Normalized load curves were used to derive the climate impacts and case studies were in Laâyoune–Sakia El Hamra, Morocco and Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. They display high adaptability of the systems; a complementarity of winds and solar see a LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) of 0.0954 USD/kWh and an annual system cost of $100,039 in Laâyoune–Sakia El Hamra, in Ouagadougou dominates mostly solar, with additional storage requirements, remained very competitive, with LCOE at 0.1014 USD/kWh (+6.3% variance). Both sites achieved similar levels of reliability (Loss of Load Probability, LLP ≈ 0.01) and reduced CO₂ emissions significantly (275.29 tCO₂/yr and 283.13 tCO₂/yr, respectively). LCOE variation was less than 6.5% and LLP variation is less than 0.002, regardless of climate change. These results demonstrate that the flexibility of the methodology employed ensures the maintenance of techno-economic advantages, even in the face of a 45% decrease in wind power potential. Thus, the present paper contributes to the further evolution of HRES design—from an ad hoc narrow-site-specific optimization regime to a scalable, context-sensitive design framework. It also proposes a proven path toward sustainable and affordable renewable energy growth in developing countries.

Published

2026-03-25

How to Cite

Kientega, S., Ferfra , M., & El Baqqal , Y. (2026). Large-scale transferability of a PSO-optimized hybrid energy system: A comparative study of two African regions. Energy Storage and Conversion, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.59400/esc4058

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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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