Effect of different pretreatments and their parameters on biogas production performance: A review

  • Himan Khodkam orcid

    Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil P.O.Box 178, Iran
Article ID: 3842
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/esc3842
Keywords: energy crisis, biogas, pre-treatment, optimal state, production, nanoparticles, anaerobic digestion

Abstract

Energy supply is fundamental to modern society, yet its current reliance on fossil fuels is a major contributor to global warming. A transition to renewable energy is therefore critical, offering both climate mitigation and economic opportunities. Biogas is a particularly effective renewable source, addressing energy needs and waste management simultaneously by converting organic matter into clean fuel. Production occurs through a four-stage anaerobic digestion process, influenced by parameters such as temperature, pH, C/N ratio, retention time, mixing, and moisture. Pretreatment methods can significantly enhance efficiency and yield. For lignocellulosic materials, sodium hydroxide is a common chemical choice, while biological pretreatment offers a low-energy alternative. Among additives, zero-valent iron nanoparticles have shown considerable promise. This article aims to identify optimal conditions to make biogas production more cost-effective. Synthesized studies indicate that maximum biogas yield is achieved by: reducing feedstock particle size, maintaining an inlet concentration near 8%, applying a ratio of 25, ensuring neutral pH, and operating at mesophilic temperatures. A key finding is that pretreatment effectiveness is not universal; it is highly dependent on the specific feedstock and digestion conditions. In conclusion, biogas exemplifies the potential of renewables to create a more sustainable and resilient energy system. By optimizing its production, we can advance toward a greener future that reduces environmental impact while supporting economic growth.

Published
2025-12-10
How to Cite
Khodkam, H. (2025). Effect of different pretreatments and their parameters on biogas production performance: A review. Energy Storage and Conversion, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.59400/esc3842
Issue
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Section
Review

Copyright (c) 2025 Himan Khodkam

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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