Vol.3, No.1 (2023)

Open Access

Article

Article ID: 73

Biofabricated MoO3 nanoparticles for biomedical applications: Antibacterial efficacy, hemocompatibility, and wound healing properties

by Anisha Salim, Subramaniam Sadhasivam

Nano and Medical Materials, Vol.3, No.1, 2023; 5972 Views, 269 PDF Downloads

This study presents a simple, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method for synthesizing molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO 3 NPs) using the medicinal plant Hemigraphis alternata . The physicochemical characterization confirmed the formation of orthorhombic MoO 3 NPs. The green synthesized NPs exhibited remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against multi drug-resistant bacteria ( S. aureus and P. aeruginosa ) and fungi ( A. niger and C. albicans ) in a concentration-dependent manner. Hemocompatibility assessments on human erythrocytes suggested their potential application in wound healing. Cytotoxicity evaluations on mouse fibroblast cell lines demonstrated no harmful effects. Furthermore, in vitro scratch assays revealed over 90% wound healing activity without cytotoxicity. The findings indicate that these green synthesized MoO 3 NPs hold promise for incorporation into wound dressings, offering a safe and effective solution for infectious wound healing. This study represents a novel effort to update practitioners on the latest developments in the widespread use of green synthesized NPs in medicine.

Open Access

Article

Article ID: 261

Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of copper-based mixed metal oxide nanocomposite

by R. Biju

Nano and Medical Materials, Vol.3, No.1, 2023; 142 Views, 110 PDF Downloads

Copper-based nanocomposite has a wide variety of applications in various fields of science. The present study focuses on the preparation of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanocomposites by the chemical precipitation method. The prepared samples were analyzed with the help of various characterization techniques, such as XRD, SEM, UV/visible spectroscopy, and EDAX. Using the XRD pattern, the crystallite size determination is carried out, and the crystalline nature of the nanocomposite is confirmed. With SEM analysis, surface morphological studies were performed. EDAX analysis conforms to the formation of mixed metal oxide nanocomposites. The antimicrobial behavior of samples was evaluated for E. coli bacteria using the disc diffusion method.

Open Access

Review

Article ID: 32

A review on nanosensors to detect diabetes

by Zahra Mofidi, Mahtab Mortazavi, Sohrab Nikazar

Nano and Medical Materials, Vol.3, No.1, 2023; 271 Views, 153 PDF Downloads

Diabetes mellitus, a serious disease affecting millions of people worldwide, is a disease characterized by increased levels of glucose concentration in the blood. Monitoring blood glucose has been declared a crucial and important tool that makes diabetes management probable. A large number of suitable glucose biosensors have been developed so far. This research has particularly focused on covering achieving biocompatible and improved sensing platforms which are evolving with the contribution of novel materials. The motivation for writing this review is to discuss and review the recent advances in enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose sensors evolved in the last few years.

Open Access

Review

Article ID: 151

Tetrahedral DNA nanocages as delivery agent for biological and biomedical applications

by Landon Dahle, Payal Vaswani, Dhiraj Bhatia

Nano and Medical Materials, Vol.3, No.1, 2023; 12788 Views, 465 PDF Downloads

Tetrahedral DNA nanocages have emerged as highly versatile tools for delivering a wide range of biological agents by leveraging their unique structural properties and functional adaptability. This review critically examines the field of tetrahedral DNA nanocages as delivery agents, communicating key findings and insights from existing literature. An extensive examination of the advantages of tetrahedral DNA nanocages as drug-delivery vehicles is outlined, with specific emphasis on their exceptional cargo encapsulation efficiency and controlled release capabilities. An in-depth exploration of in vivo studies and preclinical models is provided, encompassing comprehensive assessments of therapeutic efficacy, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, safety, and targeting capabilities. Moreover, the potential of tetrahedral DNA nanocages in regenerative medicine applications is highlighted. To address future challenges and directions in the field, the review emphasizes the importance of optimization of large-scale synthesis and translational studies. The significant role of tetrahedral DNA nanocages as delivery agents is underscored, showcasing their potential to revolutionize the landscape of targeted and programmable therapeutic interventions.

Open Access

Review

Article ID: 121

Recent advances and future challenges of nano-based drug delivery systems

by Nazish Jahan, Noor Ul Huda, Arooj Fatima, Huma Shamshad

Nano and Medical Materials, Vol.3, No.1, 2023; 194 Views, 82 PDF Downloads

Nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems constitute an emerging and swiftly progressing discipline, employing nanoscale materials for diagnostic tools and targeted, controlled administration of therapeutic agents. Nanotechnology offers substantial advantages for treating chronic ailments, facilitating precise, site-specific delivery of therapeutic agents. Recent applications encompass a diverse array of nanomedicine implementations, including chemotherapeutic, biological, and immunotherapeutic agents, for treating diverse medical conditions. This comprehensive review provides an updated summary of recent strides in the realm of nanomedicines and nano-based drug delivery systems. It critically examines the utilization of nanomaterials to enhance the effectiveness of both novel and established drugs (e.g., natural products) and to enable selective disease diagnosis through the identification of disease marker molecules. The review also addresses the prospects and challenges associated with the transition of nanomedicines from synthetic or natural origins to their practical clinical deployment. Furthermore, the document offers insights into prevailing trends and future prospects within the domain of nanomedicine.

Open Access

Review

Article ID: 31

A brief review on basic fundamentals of nanoparticle (NPs)

by Subhasri Mohapatra, Bhishm Kumar Sahu, Deepak Kumar Dash

Nano and Medical Materials, Vol.3, No.1, 2023; 331 Views, 248 PDF Downloads

According to studies made by previous researchers there are various technical problems associated with liposomes which can be avoided by designing colloidal drugs carrier like nanoparticles with nanotechnology. Now a days they are beneficial in the field of agriculture, veterinary, pharmaceutical, textile technologies. Site specific delivery of encapsulated drugs can be formulated with a nanometer size range which can be injected into the general circulation. The objective of this review is to explain the potential of NPs and nanotechnology associated with their characters and classifications, synthesis and application as the emerging scopes for NPs, rather will attract everyone’s attention. The aim of the present work is to characterize biodegradable nanoparticulate systems for oral controlled release, while numerous publications have appeared on this by international research teams, the research on polymeric nanoparticles has been primarily performed by a few research groups in Europe. Nanoparticles are being investigated as an alternative colloidal drug delivery system that could potentially avoid some of the technical problems observed with other drug delivery system.

Open Access

Review

Article ID: 220

Nanomaterial marvels: Pioneering applications and cutting-edge advancements in drug delivery

by Priyajit Chatterjee, Subhendu Dhibar

Nano and Medical Materials, Vol.3, No.1, 2023; 255 Views, 189 PDF Downloads

Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of medicine, particularly in the development of novel drug delivery systems. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems offer several advantages over traditional methods, including enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved bioavailability, targeted delivery, and reduced side effects. This review provides an overview of the applications and recent advancements in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. The first section of this review focuses on the different types of nanomaterials used in drug delivery, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, carbon-based nanomaterials, and metallic nanoparticles. Each nanomaterial has unique physicochemical properties that can be tailored to optimize drug encapsulation, release, and targeting. The second section highlights the importance of nanoscale characterization techniques in evaluating the properties and performance of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Characterization techniques such as dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and spectroscopic methods enable researchers to analyze particle size, morphology, surface charge, drug loading, and release kinetics. The third section discusses the application of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems in various therapeutic areas, including cancer treatment, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. These systems can be engineered to selectively accumulate at the target site, enhancing drug efficacy and minimizing off-target effects. The fourth section explores recent advancements in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems, including stimulus-responsive and multifunctional nanocarriers. Stimuli-responsive systems can release drugs in response to specific triggers, such as changes in pH, temperature, or enzymatic activity, leading to site-specific drug release. Multifunctional nanocarriers combine drug delivery with diagnostic imaging, allowing real-time monitoring of drug distribution and therapeutic response. The final section addresses the challenges and future perspectives in the field of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Challenges include regulatory considerations, toxicity concerns, scalability, and clinical translation. Future directions involve the development of personalized nanomedicine, combination therapy approaches, and integration with other emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and gene editing. In conclusion, nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems have shown great potential for improving the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions. The advancements in nanotechnology offer exciting opportunities for the development of next-generation drug delivery platforms, opening new avenues for personalized medicine and targeted therapies. However, further research and collaborations are required to address the challenges associated with clinical translation and ensure the safe and effective implementation of these systems in clinical practice.

Open Access

Perspective

Article ID: 244

Nano drug delivery-benefits, limitations and future perspective

by Ravi Varala, Vijay Kotra, Anil Kumar Kanuri, Mahesh Reddy Burra, Shaik Nyamathullah

Nano and Medical Materials, Vol.3, No.1, 2023; 249 Views, 157 PDF Downloads

In many aspects, nanotechnology aids in the enhancement of the pharmacological and therapeutic qualities of traditional medications. Because nanocarriers can pass through the blood-brain barrier, they can be studied at the cellular level. Although nanodrug delivery has several drawbacks, it can adapt to minute alterations in the surrounding cellular environment, which helps to solve a lot of the present drug delivery issues. Strict standards should be developed by regulators to address their shortcomings. It is generally expected that during the coming years, nanotechnology will continue to advance and spread throughout many facets of science and life. The medical sciences will benefit from the applications of nanotechnology, which will include drug delivery systems, patient therapies, and diagnostic tools. Nanotechnology has been investigated thus far for targeted delivery and diagnosis. It is important to remember that the field of nanotechnology will only grow in the future in the healthcare industry. We provide some important insights about nanodrug delivery from this angle.