Towards sustainable solar energy solutions: Harnessing supercapacitors in PV systems
Abstract
The integration of supercapacitors in photovoltaic (PV) energy systems holds immense potential for enhancing energy storage, reliability, and efficiency. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the utilization of supercapacitors within PV systems. Fundamental principles of supercapacitor operation, including charge storage mechanisms and electrode materials, are discussed, highlighting their unique advantages such as high power density and rapid charge/discharge capabilities. Various integration strategies, including parallel and series configurations, as well as system-level control algorithms, are examined to optimize energy management and performance. Case studies and real-world examples demonstrate the effectiveness of integrated PV and supercapacitor systems across different applications and scales. According to the results of the research, 235 publications have been made on the subject in the last fifteen years and the number of publications has doubled in the last five years. Additionally, future research directions focus on improving energy density, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, as well as addressing challenges related to temperature sensitivity and system scalability. Overall, the integration of supercapacitors in PV systems offers promising solutions for advancing sustainable energy solutions and accelerating the transition towards a cleaner, greener future.
References
Özada Ç, Ünal M, Yazici M. Supercapacitor: Fundamentals and materials (Turkish). Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023; 39(2): 1315-1332. doi: 10.17341/gazimmfd.1141220
Martin R, Quintana JJ, Ramos A, et al. Modeling electrochemical double layer capacitor, from classical to fractional impedance. MELECON 2008 - The 14th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. Published online May 2008. doi: 10.1109/melcon.2008.4618411
Signorelli R, Ku DC, Kassakian JG, et al. Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors Using Carbon Nanotube Electrode Structures. Proceedings of the IEEE. 2009; 97(11): 1837-1847. doi: 10.1109/jproc.2009.2030240
Kamali AK, Glogic E, Keppetipola NM, et al. Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Two Supercapacitor Architectures. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2023; 11(44): 15898-15909. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c04007
Jiang Z, Zou Y, Li Y, et al. Environmental life cycle assessment of supercapacitor electrode production using algae derived biochar aerogel. Biochar. 2021; 3(4): 701-714. doi: 10.1007/s42773-021-00122-1
Torregrossa D, Paolone M. Novel experimental investigation of supercapacitor ageing during combined life-endurance and power-cycling tests. IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Published online November 2013. doi: 10.1109/iecon.2013.6699401
Cossutta M, Vretenar V, Centeno TA, et al. A comparative life cycle assessment of graphene and activated carbon in a supercapacitor application. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 242: 118468. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118468
Tankari MA, Lefebvre G, Bellache K, et al. Supercapacitor Lifetime Estimation Based on Rainflow Cycle Counting Method. 2015 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). Published online October 2015. doi: 10.1109/vppc.2015.7353028
Li S, Wang X, Hou L, et al. Graphene hydrogels functionalized non-covalently by fused heteroaromatic molecule for asymmetric supercapacitor with ultra-long cycle life. Electrochimica Acta. 2019; 317: 437-448. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.022
Glogic E, Kamali AK, Keppetipola NM, et al. Life Cycle Assessment of Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2022; 10(46): 15025-15034. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03239
Murray DB, Hayes JG. Cycle Testing of Supercapacitors for Long-Life Robust Applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2015; 30(5): 2505-2516. doi: 10.1109/tpel.2014.2373368
Zhang L, Yu SS, Herbert HCI, et al. An advanced maximum power point capturing technique with supercapacitor for PV system. 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). Published online August 2018. doi: 10.1109/pesgm.2018.8586640
Keshavarzi MD, Ali MH. Dynamic Performance Enhancement of Power Grids by Operating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System as Supercapacitor Energy Storage. Energies. 2021; 14(14): 4277. doi: 10.3390/en14144277
Han X, Ai X, Sun Y. Research on large-scale dispatchable grid-connected PV systems. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy. 2014; 2(1): 69-76.
Sahin ME, Blaabjerg F. A Hybrid PV-Battery/Supercapacitor System and a Basic Active Power Control Proposal in MATLAB/Simulink. Electronics. 2020; 9(1): 129. doi: 10.3390/electronics9010129
Yang L, Hu Z. Implementation of Dynamic Virtual Inertia Control of Supercapacitors for Multi-Area PV-Based Microgrid Clusters. Sustainability. 2020; 12(8): 3299. doi: 10.3390/su12083299
Javadpoor S, Nazarpour D. Modeling a PV-FC-Hydrogen Hybrid Power Generation System. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 2017; 7(2): 1455-1459. doi: 10.48084/etasr.760
Zhao S, Zhou L, Zhang Q, et al. Research on electric vehicle‐supercapacitor hybrid system participates in the application of tracking PV project output. Energy Science & Engineering. 2021; 10(1): 120-131. doi: 10.1002/ese3.1013
Sabhahit JN, Gaonkar DN, Nempu PB. Integrated power flow and voltage regulation of stand-alone PV-fuel cell system with supercapacitors. International Journal of Power and Energy Systems. 2017; 37(1). doi: 10.2316/journal.203.2017.1.203-6251
Tummuru NR, Mishra MK, Srinivas S. Dynamic Energy Management of Hybrid Energy Storage System With High-Gain PV Converter. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2015; 30(1): 150-160. doi: 10.1109/tec.2014.2357076
Hossain MdB, Islam MdR, Muttaqi KM, et al. A Compensation Strategy for Mitigating Intermittencies Within a PV Powered Microgrid Using a Hybrid Multilevel Energy Storage System. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Published online 2023: 1-12. doi: 10.1109/tia.2023.3262771
Xiong L, Nour M. Techno-Economic Analysis of a Residential PV-Storage Model in a Distribution Network. Energies. 2019; 12(16): 3062. doi: 10.3390/en12163062
Rogowski S, Sibinski M, Garlikowski K. Applications of supercapacitor systems in photovoltaic installations. Przeglad Elektrotechniczny. 2021; 97(12): 173-178.
Pal SB, Das Bhattacharya K, Mukherjee D, et al. A simple and low cost measurement technology for solar PV modules. Sādhanā. 2020; 45(1). doi: 10.1007/s12046-020-01509-9
Abbassi A, Dami MA, Jemli M. A statistical approach for hybrid energy storage system sizing based on capacity distributions in an autonomous PV/Wind power generation system. Renewable Energy. 2017; 103: 81-93. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.11.024
Palla N, Kumar VSS. Coordinated Control of PV-Ultracapacitor System for Enhanced Operation Under Variable Solar Irradiance and Short-Term Voltage Dips. IEEE Access. 2020; 8: 211809-211819. doi: 10.1109/access.2020.3040058
Benavides D, Arévalo P, Aguado JA, et al. Experimental validation of a novel power smoothing method for on-grid photovoltaic systems using supercapacitors. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2023; 149: 109050. doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109050
Roy PKS, Karayaka HB, Yan Y, et al. Investigations into best cost battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for a utility scale PV array. Journal of Energy Storage. 2019; 22: 50-59. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2018.12.024
Zhang Y, Mei H, Cao Y, et al. Recent advances and challenges of electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2021; 438: 213910. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213910
Ji C, Mi H, Yang S. Latest advances in supercapacitors: From new electrode materials to novel device designs. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2018; 64(1): 9-34. doi: 10.1360/n972018-00815
Jiang J, Zhang Y, Nie P, et al. Progress of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors. Advanced Sustainable Systems. 2017; 2(1). doi: 10.1002/adsu.201700110
Grace AN, Ramachandran R. Advanced Materials for Supercapacitors. Eco-Friendly Nano-Hybrid Materials for Advanced Engineering Applications. Published online March 27, 2017: 99-128. doi: 10.1201/9781315366531-6
Baig MM, Khan MA, Gul IH, et al. A Review of Advanced Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Electronic Materials. 2023; 52(9): 5775-5794. doi: 10.1007/s11664-023-10532-5
Maddala G, Ambapuram M, Tankasala V, et al. Optimal Dye Sensitized Solar Cell and Photocapacitor Performance with Efficient Electrocatalytic SWCNH Assisted Carbon Electrode. ACS Applied Energy Materials. 2021; 4(10): 11225-11233. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.1c02087
Hamdan I, Maghraby A, Noureldeen O. Stability improvement and control of grid-connected photovoltaic system during faults using supercapacitor. SN Applied Sciences. 2019; 1(12). doi: 10.1007/s42452-019-1743-2
Vargas U, Lazaroiu GC, Tironi E, et al. Harmonic modeling and simulation of a stand-alone photovoltaic-battery-supercapacitor hybrid system. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2019; 105: 70-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.08.004
Ramineni P, Pandian A, Kumar MK, et al. Improved operation of Li-ion battery with supercapacitor realized to solar-electric vehicle. Energy Reports. 2022; 8: 256-264. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.191
Alam Md, Almehizia A, Al-Ismail F, et al. Frequency Stabilization of AC Microgrid Clusters: An Efficient Fractional Order Supercapacitor Controller Approach. Energies. 2022; 15(14): 5179. doi: 10.3390/en15145179
Arkhangelski J, Roncero-Sánchez P, Abdou-Tankari M, et al. Control and Restrictions of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System Connected to the Grid: A Battery and Supercapacitor Storage Case. Energies. 2019; 12(14): 2776. doi: 10.3390/en12142776
Díaz-González F, Chillón-Antón C, Llonch-Masachs M, et al. A hybrid energy storage solution based on supercapacitors and batteries for the grid integration of utility scale photovoltaic plants. Journal of Energy Storage. 2022; 51: 104446. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104446
Mbouteu Megaptche CA, Moses Musau P, Virginie Tjahè A, et al. Demand response-fuzzy inference system controller in the multi-objective optimization design of a photovoltaic/wind turbine/battery/supercapacitor and diesel system: Case of healthcare facility. Energy Conversion and Management. 2023; 291: 117245. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117245
Web of Science. Available online: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/6a502159-c0f0-4ec7-b967-492789d7eb8f-ce15b443/date-ascending/1 (accessed on 23 February 2024).
Copyright (c) 2024 Kerim Karabacak
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors contributing to this journal agree to publish their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to share their work (copy, distribute, transmit) and to adapt it for any purpose, even commercially, under the condition that the authors are given credit. With this license, authors hold the copyright.
