Optimal micro-pump-storage system for the average Greek hotel with PV generation
Abstract
In this paper, a modern micro-scale pumped hydro storage system that is specifically designed to operate in coordination with photovoltaics installed at the roof of an average Greek hotel is presented. The fictitious hotel chosen as a case study, displays the energy profile of an average sea-side hotel around the Mediterranean Sea, while photovoltaics’ energy generation is assumed to follow the typical production profile of such sites. Pumped hydro storage and photovoltaic generation, size and cost have been appropriately modeled so that they realistically simulate their operational scheme, while also considering the spatial and technical characteristics and limitations of such projects. Results derived from the implementation of such a scheme into the Average Greek hotel demonstrated significant monetary benefits, accompanied with a substantial net annual profit and low payback period of the investment.
References
[1] Sahoo S, Timmann P. Energy Storage Technologies for Modern Power Systems: A Detailed Analysis of Functionalities, Potentials, and Impacts. IEEE Access. 2023; 11: 49689-49729. doi: 10.1109/access.2023.3274504
[2] Boroomandnia A, Rismanchi B, Wu W, et al. Optimal design of micro pumped-storage plants in the heart of a city. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2024; 101: 105054. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2023.105054
[3] Statista Research Department. Pure pumped storage hydropower capacity worldwide from 2010 to 2023. Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1304113/pumped-storage-hydropower-capacity-worldwide/ (accessed on 2 May 2024).
[4] Boicea VA. Energy Storage Technologies: The Past and the Present. Proceedings of the IEEE. 2014; 102(11): 1777-1794. doi: 10.1109/jproc.2014.2359545
[5] Li L, Wang B, Jiao K, et al. Comparative techno-economic analysis of large-scale renewable energy storage technologies. Energy and AI. 2023; 14: 100282. doi: 10.1016/j.egyai.2023.100282
[6] Smallbone A, Jülch V, Wardle R, et al. Levelised Cost of Storage for Pumped Heat Energy Storage in comparison with other energy storage technologies. Energy Conversion and Management. 2017; 152: 221-228. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.09.047
[7] Zeng X, Li J, Singh N. Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery: A Critical Review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2014; 44(10): 1129-1165. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2013.763578
[8] Dobó Z, Dinh T, Kulcsár T. A review on recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries. Energy Reports. 2023; 9: 6362-6395. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.05.264
[9] Guruprasad PSM, Quaranta E, Coronado-Hernández OE, et al. Hydropower Advantages over Batteries in Energy Storage of Off-Grid Systems. MDPI. doi: 10.20944/preprints202308.0300.v1
[10] Bideris-Davos AA, Vovos PN. Comprehensive Review for Energy Recovery Technologies Used in Water Distribution Systems Considering Their Performance, Technical Challenges, and Economic Viability. Water. 2024; 16(15): 2129. doi: 10.3390/w16152129
[11] Meirelles Lima G, Brentan BM, Luvizotto E. Optimal design of water supply networks using an energy recovery approach. Renewable Energy. 2018; 117: 404-413. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.080
[12] Pugliese F, Giugni M. An Operative Framework for the Optimal Selection of Centrifugal Pumps as Turbines (PATs) in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs). Water. 2022; 14(11): 1785. doi: 10.3390/w14111785
[13] Pérez-Sánchez M, Sánchez-Romero FJ, Ramos HM, et al. Improved Planning of Energy Recovery in Water Systems Using a New Analytic Approach to PAT Performance Curves. Water. 2020; 12(2): 468. doi: 10.3390/w12020468
[14] Barbarelli S, Amelio M, Florio G. Predictive model estimating the performances of centrifugal pumps used as turbines. Energy. 2016; 107: 103-121. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.122
[15] Venturini M, Manservigi L, Alvisi S, et al. Development of a physics-based model to predict the performance of pumps as turbines. Applied Energy. 2018; 231: 343-354. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.054
[16] Fecarotta O, McNabola A. Optimal Location of Pump as Turbines (PATs) in Water Distribution Networks to Recover Energy and Reduce Leakage. Water Resources Management. 2017; 31(15): 5043-5059. doi: 10.1007/s11269-017-1795-2
[17] Nguyen KD, Duc Dai P, Quoc Vu D, et al. A MINLP Model for Optimal Localization of Pumps as Turbines in Water Distribution Systems Considering Power Generation Constraints. Water. 2020; 12(7): 1979. doi: 10.3390/w12071979
[18] de Oliveira e Silva G, Hendrick P. Pumped hydro energy storage in buildings. Applied Energy. 2016; 179: 1242-1250. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.046
[19] Morabito A, Hendrick P. Pump as turbine applied to micro energy storage and smart water grids: A case study. Applied Energy. 2019; 241: 567-579. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.018
[20] Manolakos D, Papadakis G, Papantonis D, et al. A stand-alone photovoltaic power system for remote villages using pumped water energy storage. Energy. 2004; 29(1): 57-69. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2003.08.008
[21] Zakeri B, Syri S. Electrical energy storage systems: A comparative life cycle cost analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2015; 42: 569-596. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.011
[22] Hellenic Chamber of hotels. e-Household Potential Greece 2022—Total Country (Greek). Available online: https://www.grhotels.gr/ksenodocheiako-dynamiko-elladas-2022-synolo-choras/ (accessed on 2 May 2024).
[23] The Hellenic Parliament. Official Government Gazette. The Hellenic Parliament. 2015; 10(2): 31-48.
[24] Hellenic Ministry of the Environment and Energy. Energy Audits of buildings, heating systems and air-conditioning systems, statistical analysis for the year 2020 (available in Greek). Ministry of the Environment and Energy; 2021.
[25] Magro B, Borg SP. A Feasibility Study on CHP Systems for Hotels in the Maltese Islands: A Comparative Analysis Based on Hotels’ Star Rating. Sustainability. 2023; 15(2): 1337. doi: 10.3390/su15021337
[26] Provenzano M. Analysis of the energy consumption in the hotel sector and feasibility study for the installation of sofc-based cogeneration systems. Politecnico di Torino. 2021.
[27] European Commission. Photovoltaic Geographical Information System. Available online: https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/# (accessed on 2 May 2024).
[28] Le Marre M, Mandin P, Lanoisellé JL, et al. Experimental study on performance predictions of pumps as turbine. Energy Conversion and Management. 2023; 292: 117235. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117235
[29] Bideris-Davos AA, Vovos PN. Co-optimization of power and water distribution systems for simultaneous hydropower generation and water pressure regulation. Energy Reports. 2024; 11: 3135-3148. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.02.041
[30] Bideris-Davos AA, Vovos PN. Algorithm for Appropriate Design of Hydroelectric Turbines as Replacements for Pressure Reduction Valves in Water Distribution Systems. Water. 2023; 15(3): 554. doi: 10.3390/w15030554
[31] Yang SS, Derakhshan S, Kong FY. Theoretical, numerical and experimental prediction of pump as turbine performance. Renewable Energy. 2012; 48: 507-513. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.06.002
[32] Pugliese F, Fontana N, Marini G, et al. Experimental assessment of the impact of number of stages on vertical axis multi-stage centrifugal PATs. Renewable Energy. 2021; 178: 891-903. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.06.132
[33] Rossi M, Nigro A, Renzi M. A predicting model of PaTs’ performance in off-design operating conditions. Energy Procedia. 2019; 158: 123-128. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.056
[34] Novara D, McNabola A. The Development of a Decision Support Software for the Design of Micro-Hydropower Schemes Utilizing a Pump as Turbine. EWaS3. 2018; 11: 678. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2110678
[35] Public Power Corporation Group (PPC). For professionals & businesses with different consumption needs during the day than at night (Greece). Available online: https://www.dei.gr/el/gia-tin-epixeirisi/revma/epaggelmaties-epixeiriseis/g23/ (accessed on 2 May 2024).
[36] Laghari JA, Mokhlis H, Bakar AHA, et al. A comprehensive overview of new designs in the hydraulic, electrical equipments and controllers of mini hydro power plants making it cost effective technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2013; 20: 279-293. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.002
[37] Tzouras T. Photovoltaic installation in an Industrial Unit with Net Metering (available in Greek). Available online: https://hdl.handle.net/10889/25640 (accessed on 2 May 2024).
[38] CFI Team. Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Available online: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/valuation/levelized-cost-of-energy-lcoe/ (accessed on 2 May 2024).
[39] Xenakis Energy. Financial Offer for the Installation of a Rooftop Photovoltaic System. Patras. 2023.
[40] Siavelis D. Study on the Cost of the Construction of a Reservoir and on the Structural Reinforcement of a Building. Patras. 2023.
[41] Alzohbi G. The cost of electromechanical equipment in a small hydro power storage plant. Journal of Energy Systems. 2018; 2(4): 238-259. doi: 10.30521/jes.457288
[42] Novara D, Carravetta A, NcNabola A, Ramos H. Cost Model for Pumps as Turbines in Run-of-River and In-Pipe Microhydropower Applications. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2019; 145(5). doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001063
[43] Saidur R, Mekhilef S, Ali MB, et al. Applications of variable speed drive (VSD) in electrical motors energy savings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2012; 16(1): 543-550. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.08.020
[44] Marini G, Di Menna F, Maio M, et al. HYPER: Computer-Assisted Optimal Pump-as-Turbine (PAT) Selection for Microhydropower Generation and Pressure Regulation in a Water Distribution Network (WDN). Water. 2023; 15(15): 2807. doi: 10.3390/w15152807
[45] De Marchis M, Fontanazza CM, Freni G, et al. Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks. Implementation of Pumps as Turbine in a Dynamic Numerical Model. Procedia Engineering. 2014; 70: 439-448. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.049
[46] Hammond C, Good R, Loge F. Economically Optimal Leak Management: Balancing Pressure Reduction, Energy Recovery, and Leak Detection and Repair. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2024; 150(8). doi: 10.1061/jwrmd5.wreng-6428
[47] Tsagas I. Greece shuns net metering. PV Magazine. 2024.
[48] Mohsen Ibrahim Abd El-Rahman M. Optimization of Renewable Energy-Based Smart Micro-Grid System. In: Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems. IntechOpen; 2020. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.87093
Copyright (c) 2024 Dimitrios K. Kosmopoulos, Admitos A. Bideris-Davos, Panagis N. Vovos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors contributing to this journal agree to publish their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to share their work (copy, distribute, transmit) and to adapt it for any purpose, even commercially, under the condition that the authors are given credit. With this license, authors hold the copyright.