Potential of low-value plastic waste (LVPW) in concrete through latrine ring manufacturing

Mushtaq  Ahmed; Muhammad Azizul  Hoque; H. M. A.  Mahzuz; Nazmul Islam  Rafi; Md. Jubayer Hossan  Salman; Khadijatul Kubra  Mim; Krisha  Rana; Md. Abdullah  Al Ahad; Md. Ariful  Islam; Ratan Kumar  Roy

doi:10.59400/be.v2i1.1348

Potential of low-value plastic waste (LVPW) in concrete through latrine ring manufacturing

Mushtaq Ahmed Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
Muhammad Azizul Hoque Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
H. M. A. Mahzuz Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
Nazmul Islam Rafi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
Md. Jubayer Hossan Salman Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
Khadijatul Kubra Mim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
Krisha Rana iDE, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
Md. Abdullah Al Ahad iDE, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
Md. Ariful Islam iDE, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
Ratan Kumar Roy iDE, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Article ID: 1348

953 Views

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/be.v2i1.1348

Keywords: concrete; latrine ring; mix ratio; solidification; waste management

Abstract

In this research, low-value plastic waste (LVPW) is used in concrete as a potential solution for sustainable waste management in the construction industry. In concrete, LVPW is utilized to produce Eco-Ring (Eco-conscious Latrine Ring). The use of a mix ratio of 1:2:3 and 1:2:4 in concrete mixes is studied. The impact of the percentage of recycled plastic on the mechanical properties of the final product is analyzed. The results show that the use of LVPW reduces both strength and unit weight but ensures its solidification. Sufficient strength for latrine rings is maintained, ensuring a balance between structural integrity and waste reduction. LVPW incorporation offers cost savings, with reductions of aggregate use up to 10%–15% in the present analysis. Justified consideration of the impact on mechanical properties, along with potential adjustments to optimize compatibility and address workability/aesthetics, can help maximize the benefits of this technology.

References

[1]Proshad R, Kormoker T, Islam MDS, et al. Toxic effects of plastic on human health and environment: A consequences of health risk assessment in Bangladesh. International Journal of Health. 2017; 6(1): 1-5. doi: 10.14419/ijh.v6i1.8655

[2]Rochman CM, Browne MA, Halpern BS, et al. Classify plastic waste as hazardous. Nature. 2013; 494(7436): 169-171. doi: 10.1038/494169a

[3]Derraik JG. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2002; 44(9): 842-852. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5

[4]Thompson RC, Olsen Y, Mitchell RP, et al. Lost at Sea: Where Is All the Plastic? Science. 2004; 304(5672): 838. doi: 10.1126/science.1094559

[5]Kaiser J. The Dirt on Ocean Garbage Patches. Science. 2010; 328(5985): 1506-1506. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1506

[6]Sakib AN, Salma AI, Ahmed M. Plastic waste management and feasibility of fuel production—A case study in Sylhet. Journal of Environmental Technology and Construction Management. 2012; 1(1): 66-78.

[7]Len N. The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the Future of Plastics. World Economic Forum; 2016.

[8]Gourmelon G. Global Plastic Production Rises, Recycling Lags. Vital Signs, Worldwatch Institute; 2015.

[9]Hasan MA, Hoque MA, Ahmed M. Application of Plastic Waste as an Alternative to Coarse Aggregate for Concrete Block Construction. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Engineering Research, Innovation and Education; 12-14 January 2023; Sylhet, Bangladesh.

[10]Subramani T, Pugal VK. Experimental Study on Plastic Waste as a Coarse Aggregate for Structural Concrete. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management. 2015; 4(5).

[11]Ghernouti Y, Rabehi B, Safi B, et al. Use of recycled plastic bag waste in the concrete. Journal of International Scientific Publications: Materials, Methods and Technologies. 2014; 8.

[12]Kamble SA, Karad DM. Plastic Bricks. International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering. 2017; 6.

[13]Singhal A, Netula O. Utilization of Plastic Waste in Manufacturing of Sand Bricks. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on New Frontiers of Engineering, Science, Management and Humanities (ICNFESMH-2018); Pune.

[14]Shah R, Garg H, Gandhi P, et al. Study of Plastic Dust Brick Made from Waste Plastic. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering. 2017; 5(10).

[15]Merbouh M, Glaoui B, Mazouz A, et al. Use Plastic Bag Waste in Cement Concrete. Waste Management Symposium EURASIA; 2014.

[16]Soemadijo P, Anindita F, Akib R, et al. A Study of Available Technology for Recycling Low Value Plastic in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development. 2022; 5(2). doi: 10.7454/jessd.v5i2.1128

[17]Shi Y, Chai J, Xu T, et al. Microplastics contamination associated with low-value domestic source organic solid waste: A review. Science of The Total Environment. 2023; 857: 159679. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159679

[18]Mahzuz HMA, Tahsin A. Use of Plastic as a Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete for Brick Classifications. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research. 2019; 8(8): 883-886.

[19]Darwin D, Charles WDP, Nilson AH. Design of concrete structures. McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.

[20]Mathew P, Ambika KP, Pavitra P, et al. Comparative Study on Waste Plastic Incorporated Concrete Blocks with Ordinary Concrete Blocks. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2016; 3(5).

[21]Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution. BDS 208: (2002), Bangladesh Standard. Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution; 2002.

[22]Local Government Engineering Department of Bangladesh. Local Government Engineering Department of Bangladesh (LGED); 2005.

[23]Hasan A, Islam MN, Karim MR, et al. Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Plastic as Coarse Aggregate. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Innovation in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (IICSD-2015); DUET, Gazipur.

[24]Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks. IS (2005). IS 2185-1. In IS Concrete masonry unit: Part-1. Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks; 2005.

[25]Ji T, Fang H, Zhang R, et al. Automatic sorting of low-value recyclable waste: a comparative experimental study. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2022; 25(3): 949-961. doi: 10.1007/s10098-022-02418-7

[26]Fu S, Qian Y, Yuan H, et al. Effect of cone angles of a hydrocyclone for the separation of waste plastics with low value of density difference. Waste Management. 2022; 140: 183-192. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.028

[27]Tianchen J, Huaiying F, Rencheng Z, et al. Low-value recyclable waste identification based on NIR feature analysis and RGB-NIR fusion. Infrared Physics & Technology. 2023; 131: 104693. doi: 10.1016/j.infrared.2023.104693

[28]Nizamuddin S, Jamal M, Santos J, et al. Recycling of low-value packaging films in bitumen blends: A grey-based multi criteria decision making approach considering a set of laboratory performance and environmental impact indicators. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 778: 146187. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146187

[29]Bening CR, Kahlert S, Asiedu E. The true cost of solving the plastic waste challenge in developing countries: The case of Ghana. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2022; 330: 129649. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129649

[30]Gall M, Wiener M, Chagas de Oliveira C, et al. Building a circular plastics economy with informal waste pickers: Recyclate quality, business model, and societal impacts. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 156: 104685. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104685

Published

2024-06-19

How to Cite

Ahmed, M., Hoque, M. A., Mahzuz, H. M. A., Rafi, N. I., Salman, M. J. H., Mim, K. K., Rana, K., Al Ahad, M. A., Islam, M. A., & Roy, R. K. (2024). Potential of low-value plastic waste (LVPW) in concrete through latrine ring manufacturing. Building Engineering, 2(1), 1348. https://doi.org/10.59400/be.v2i1.1348

Download Citation

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024)

Section

Article

Copyright (c) 2024 Mushtaq Ahmed, Muhammad Azizul Hoque, H. M. A. Mahzuz, Nazmul Islam Rafi, Md. Jubayer Hossan Salman, Khadijatul Kubra Mim, Krisha Rana, Md. Abdullah Al Ahad, Md. Ariful Islam, Ratan Kumar Roy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Editor-in-Chief

Prof. Scholz Miklas
University of Johannesburg, South Africa

eISSN

3029-2670

Publication Frequency

Semi-annual

About the Publisher

Academic Publishing insists on taking academic exchange and publication as the main line, carrying out comprehensive management based on science and technology, and fully exploring excellent international publishing resources. Within 5 years, it will form a strategic framework and scale with science (S), technology (T), medicine (M), education (E), and humanities and arts (H) as the main publishing fields. Academic Publishing is headquartered in Singapore and based in Malaysia, with the United States and China providing the main scientific and academic resources. At the same time, it has established long-term good cooperative relations with other publishing companies, scientific research communities, and academic organizations in more than a dozen countries and regions. Academic Publishing uses English and Chinese as its main publishing languages, mainly publishing books, journals, and conference papers in print and online. The vast majority of publications follow the international open access policy, providing stable and long-term quality and professional publications. With the joint efforts of the expert team and our professional editorial team, our publications will gradually be indexed by international databases in stages to provide convenient and professional retrieval for various scholars. At the same time, manuscripts we accept will be subject to the peer review principle, and cutting-edge and innovative research articles will be preferentially accepted for peer reference and discussion. All kinds of our publications are welcome for peer to contribute, access, and download.

more

Volume Arrangement

2025

2024

2023

Featured Articles

Effect of natural pozzolana, pozzolanic sand, and basalt on thermal and mechanical properties of green concrete

Green concrete, also known as sustainable concrete, is a building material that aims to reduce environmental impact by using natural, recycled, or sustainable materials in its production. One way to achieve sustainability in concrete is to replace cement with pozzolanic materials, which not only reduces the carbon footprint but also improves the performance of concrete and reduces its cost. This study aims to use natural materials that can partially or completely replace cement and conventional aggregates in concrete mixes. pozzolanic gravel (GPoz) replaced coarse aggregate, basaltic sand (SBas) and pozzolanic (SPoz) replaced fine aggregate, while ground pozzolana (PN) replaced cement. This work focuses on the experimentation and simulation of concrete mixes using the four abovementioned materials. 36 cubes were cast to conduct the thermal conductivity test by direct exposure of concrete samples, where an insulated thermal chamber was designed from thermal bricks, equipped with a heat source from the bottom and an empty space for the tested sample from the top, and then the resistance test on simple pressure was conducted for the cubic samples at the age of 28 days. Pozzolanic aggregate, when used in combination with basalt sand, showed greater thermal resistance compared to conventional concrete. Even with the replacement of 50% of the cement with ground pozzolana, we notice an increase in resistance of more than 11%, but with the replacement of basalt sand with pozzolana sand, we notice an increase in thermal resistance of more than 53%. As for the mechanical properties represented by resistance on simple pressure, we notice an acceptable decrease in resistance when replacing cement with pozzolana, with the exception of mixtures containing aggregates and pozzolana sand together, where replacing 50% of the cement with pozzolana increases the resistance on simple pressure by more than 46.4%.

Fulfilling the potentials of residential solar energy in Egypt

Energy plays a very important role in Egypt’s economic development, but the country has a gap between its produced energy and the demand of its growing population. Utilization of solar power systems in Egypt could help the country to close this gap and fulfil its national and international obligations. However, since 1980, the focus in Egypt has been on large-scale industrial solar projects. Limited attention is given to smaller systems for typical residential buildings. The aim of this research, therefore, is to highlight the potential of small residential solar systems (SRSS) in Egypt. With the huge number of residential buildings accommodating more than 115 million Egyptians, SRSS could be the unearthed gem of a sustainable source of energy in Egypt. The geographical location of Egypt and climate were used to generate solar data using the Global Solar Atlas application. The amounts of monthly and annual solar irradiations were calculated and analysed to decide the best orientation of the system (facing east, west, north, and south), identify the optimum tilt angle of the system, and determine the size of the solar panels. A case study was used to illustrate the procedures of designing SRSS for a typical residential building in Egypt. The results showed that a 26 kWp SRSS oriented facing the east with an optimum tilt angle between 15° and 30° could produce an annual total output of electricity more than the annual demand of the occupants of the studied residential building. Such a system would fit easily on the roof of the building. It was concluded that the installation of SRSS in Egypt could help the country meet the demand of its ever-increasing population if properly regulated, financed, and managed. It is recommended that Egypt develop and implement policies to make installations of SRSS an attractive choice among homeowners and investors by introducing encouraging incentives and creating a competitive market with affordable SRSS.

Fighting for collusive bidding in the construction industry: A text mining-enabled approach

Policy measures are crucial for regulating collusive bidding and are integral to effective governance. However, current research lacks a comparative exploration of strategies to combat collusive bidding through policy. Therefore, this study aims to identify more effective countermeasures by examining policy variations between regions with low and high incidences of collusive bidding. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling, the study extracts key themes from these policies, while qualitative analysis highlights differences in approaches. It underscores that integrating electronic and information technology into bidding systems significantly reduces collusive practices. While increasing penalties can deter collusive bidding, achieving desired impacts requires thorough investigation and vigilant oversight. Additionally, strengthening external supervision enhances control over such activities. This study identifies critical governance strategies for addressing collusive bidding and advocates further research into more effective methods within the construction sector.

Comprehensive seismic loss model of Tehran, Iran in the case of Mosha fault seismic scenario using stochastic finite-fault method

This paper presents the results of a study caried out to assess probable seismic loss, in term of damage to the residential buildings and the number of fatalities, in the case of Mosha Fault seismic scenario in Tehran, Iran. Accordingly, seismic risk components (including seismic hazard, exposure model and fragility curves) are evaluated. The stochastic finite-fault method with dynamic corner frequency is applied for quantifying ground motion values. The results shows that PGA on the soil surface could range between 0.1 g to 0.45 g. Then, a reliable model of building exposure by analyzing census data from Tehran is compiled. This model included 19 different classes of buildings and is used to evaluate the potential damage to buildings from seismic scenario. The results indicate that the median of damage ratio from 100,000 iterations for the whole of the city is about 6% ± 1.54%. The study found that the central and eastern parts of Tehran are the most vulnerable areas, with an estimated 15,952 residents at risk of losing their lives in this scenario. This is equivalent to 0.2 percent of total population of Tehran. The finding from this study can be used by local authorities to provide appropriate emergency-response and preparedness plans in the case of Mosha Fault seismic scenario.

Digital transformation of quality management in the construction industry during the execution phase by integration of building information modeling (BIM) and cloud computing

The quality of construction projects significantly impacts social and economic development. However, low quality and project failure often result from factors such as lack of quality procedures, poor communication, task coordination, and inefficient progress monitoring. This research aims to improve the efficiency of the construction phase by creating quality control checklists for processes and enhancing quality management through a collaborative digital environment integrating building information modeling (BIM) and cloud computing. Expert constructive interviews were first conducted to define a construction process quality control procedure to be linked to the 3DBIM model and then transition to a collaborative cloud environment (Autodesk Construction Cloud). An actual instance in Latakia City (Syria) demonstrated that the proposed methodology improves the efficiency and effectiveness of quality management during the implementation phase. It does so by offering a robust database, enhancing on-site quality information extraction from BIM models using smartphones, documenting defects and entering inspection data directly into a shared digital environment, and making it easier to track corrective actions and feedback. This facilitates constant and organized access to current data, reducing errors and rework, saving money and time, and enhancing decision-making speed and effectiveness. The search recommends the necessity of strict laws to adhere to quality procedures and the importance of providing infrastructure for digital transformation in quality management.

Net zero energy analysis and energy conversion of sustainable residential building in Muscat, Oman

The building sector is the predominant consumer of primary energy globally. The building sector accounts for around 40% of global energy production.Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) are highly suggested by energy experts as an effective option to alleviate the strain on primary energy sources caused by the building sector. The disparity between energy performance predictions provided during the design phase and the actual energy performance of residential buildings is mostly attributed to a limited comprehension of the components that influence energy consumption and the constraints of whole building simulation software. The objective of this research was to perform a comparison analysis of the expected and actual energy consumption of a prototype net-zero energy house built at the University of Technology and Applied Sciences in Muscat. The Hourly Analysis Programme (HAP V4.2) was utilised to forecast the energy consumption of a Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) at HCT, taking into account the availability of an Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) and the absence of an ERV. The newly built house underwent a one-month testing phase to fulfil many duties according to competition regulations. One of the main goals was to generate on-site energy through photovoltaic panels, producing an amount proportional to the energy consumed by the house. Upon comparing the actual energy consumption data with the simulated result, it was noticed that the actual energy demand of the house was around 20% lower than the prediction made by the simulation tool.

Architecting sustainability performances and enablers for grid-interactive efficient buildings

Today, grid-interactive efficient buildings are gaining popularity due to their potential sustainability performances through their ability to learn, adapt, and evolve at different scales to improve the quality of life of their users while optimizing resource usage and service availability. This is realized through various practices such as management and control measures enabled by smart grid technologies, interoperability, and human-cyber-physical security. However, despite their great potential, the research of those technologies still faces various challenges. These include a lack of communication and control infrastructure to address interpretability, security, cost barriers, and difficulties balancing occupant needs with grid benefits. Initially, system modelling and simulation are promising approaches to address those challenges ahead of time. It involves the consideration of complex systems made up of components from various research domains. This paper addresses the above practices, highlighting the value of integrating technology and intelligence in the planning and operation of buildings, both new and old. It provides a way to educate architects and engineers about this emerging field and demonstrates how these practices can help in creating efficient, resilient, and secure buildings that contribute to occupant comfort and decarbonization.