Added value of spiritual well-being and coping in the compliance of people living with HIV

  • Nicolas Roussiau Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, 44312 Cedex 3 Nantes, France
  • Anaïs Ameline Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, 44312 Cedex 3 Nantes, France
  • Constance Mambet-Doué Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, 44312 Cedex 3 Nantes, France
  • Jean Philippe Lanoix Service maladie infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Cedex 1 Amiens, France; UR 4294 AGIR, Université Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Cedex 1 Amiens, France
Article ID: 2340
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/apr2340
Keywords: spirituality; HIV/AIDS; analysis mediation; compliance; well-being; coping

Abstract

The overall objective of this research is to identify the processes responsible for the effect of spiritual well-being on therapeutic adherence in the case of HIV. Empirical research shows that spirituality helps individuals cope with difficult life events by giving them meaning and that it offers a particularly helpful course of action on a daily basis. It is also known that coping style in chronic diseases that require long-term treatment is associated with or not with therapeutic adherence. A total of 132 HIV-positive people were recruited as part of their systematic medical consultation related to the follow-up of HIV infection in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases department of the CHU of Amiens-Picardie, France. The questionnaire consisted of three scales: The spiritual well-being scale, a compliance scale, and a specific coping scale, the CHIP. The results show that the search for well-being, distraction, palive coping, and avoidance mediate the relationship between spiritual well-being and therapeutic observance. This research concludes with a set of recommendations for my health care professionals, based on the results obtained. Patients can be encouraged to have “confidence in the future” by offering them the opportunity to make “future plans” (as a form of distraction), by encouraging them to “dream about pleasant things” (a cognitive avoidance strategy), by inviting them to “pay attention to their bodily sensations and listen to their body” (palliative adaptation), or by helping them reflect on the meaning they attribute to their life, focusing on what seems important to them (spirituality). This relationship between spirituality (spiritual well-being) and the different dimensions of adaptation (measured using the CHIP scale) allows for the definition of relevant sub-dimensions aimed at improving compliance.

Published
2025-06-26
How to Cite
Roussiau, N., Ameline, A., Mambet-Doué, C., & Lanoix, J. P. (2025). Added value of spiritual well-being and coping in the compliance of people living with HIV. Applied Psychology Research, 4(1), 2340. https://doi.org/10.59400/apr2340
Issue
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Section
Article

Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

[1]Abdel Halim, L., Ameline, A., Roussiau, N. (2020). French adaptation and validation of the workplace spirituality scale (French). Psychologie du travail et des organisation, 26(2), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2019.11.001

[2]Almaraz, D., Saiz, J., Martín, F. M., et al. (2022). What Aspects of Religion and Spirituality Affect the Physical Health of Cancer Patients? A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 10(8), 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081447

[3]Ameline, A., Biccheri, E., Roussiau, N. (2019). Implicit areligious spirituality and fibromyalgia: Scale adapted from Piedmont’s Spiritual Transcendence Scale (1999). International Journal of Existential Positive Psychology, 8(1), 1–12.

[4]Borges, C. C., dos Santos, P. R., Alves, P. M., et al. (2021). Association between spirituality/religiousness and quality of life among healthy adults: A systematic review. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19(1), 246. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01878-7

[5]Bower, J. E., Kemeny, M. E., Taylor, S. E., Fahey, J. L. (1998). Cognitive processing, discovery of meaning, CD4 decline, and AIDS-related mortality among bereaved HIV-seropositive men. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(6), 979–986. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.66.6.979

[6]Bożek A., Nowak, P. F., Blukacz, M. (2020) The Relationship Between Spirituality, Health-Related Behavior, and Psychological Well-Being. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1997. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01997

[7]Coelho-Júnior, H. J., Calvani, R., Panza, F., et al. (2022). Religiosity/Spirituality and Mental Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 877213. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.877213

[8]de Brito Sena, M. A., Damiano, R. F., Lucchetti, G., Peres, M. F. P. (2021) Defining Spirituality in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 756080. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756080

[9]de Truchis, P., Assoumou, L., Landman, R., et al. (2018). Four-days-a-week antiretroviral maintenance therapy in virologically controlled HIV-1-infected adults: The ANRS 162-4D trial. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 73(3), 738–747. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx434

[10]Dessie, G., Wagnew, F., Mulugeta, H., et al. (2019). The effect of disclosure on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19(1), 528. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4148-3

[11]Diener, E., Scollon, C. N., Lucas, R. E. (2009). The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. In: Diener, E. (editors). Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener. Springer Science + Business Media. pp. 67–100.

[12]Doolittle, B. R., Justice, A. C., Fiellin, D. A. (2018). Religion, Spirituality, and HIV Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature. AIDS and Behavior, 22(6), 1792–1801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1651-z

[13]Endler, N. S., Parker, J. D. A., Summerfeldt, L. J. (1998). Coping with health problems: Developing a reliable and valid multidimensional measure. Psychological Assessment, 10(3), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.3.195

[14]Frankl, V. (1985). Man’s search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. Pocket Books.

[15]Garssen, B., Visser, A., Pool, G. (2020). Does Spirituality or Religion Positively Affect Mental Health? Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 31(1), 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2020.1729570

[16]Hawley-Hague, H., Horne, M., Skelton, D. A., Todd, C. (2016). Review of how we should define (and measure) adherence in studies examining older adults’ participation in exercise classes. BMJ Open, 6(6), e011560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011560

[17]Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.

[18]Hearnshaw, H., Lindenmeyer, A. (2006). What do we mean by adherence to treatment and advice for living with diabetes? A review of the literature on definitions and measurements. Diabetic Medicine, 23(7), 720–728.

[19]Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Hood, R. W., et al. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: Points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30(1), 51–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00119

[20]Howard, A. H., Roberts, M., Mitchell, T., Wilke, N. G. (2023). The Relationship Between Spirituality and Resilience and Well-being: A Study of 529 Care Leavers from 11 Nations. Adversity and Resilience Science, 4(2), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-023-00088-y

[21]Jordan, K. D., Niehus, K. L., Feinstein, A. M. (2021). Insecure Attachment to God and Interpersonal Conflict. Religions, 12(9), 739. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12090739

[22]Kamitsis, I., Francis, A. J. P. (2013). Spirituality mediates the relationship between engagement with nature and psychological well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.07.013

[23]Koenig, H. G., Al-Zaben, F., VanderWeele, T. J. (2020). Religion and psychiatry: Recent developments in research. BJPsych Advances, 26(5), 262–272. https://doi.org/10.1192/bja.2019.81

[24]Lazarus, R. S., Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing.

[25]Levin, J. S., Schiller, P. L. (1987). Is there a religious factor in health? Journal of Religion and Health, 26(1), 9–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01533291

[26]Li, Q. (2010). Effect of forest bathing trips on human immune function. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 15(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-008-0068-3

[27]Li, Q. (2019). Effect of forest bathing (shinrin-yoku) on human health: A review of the literature (French). Santé Publique, S1(HS1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.3917/spub.190.0135

[28]Lima das Chagas, F. A. L., Muñoz-García, A. (2023). Examining the Influence of Meaning in Life and Religion/Spirituality on Student Engagement and Learning Satisfaction: A Comprehensive Analysis. Religions, 14(12), 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14121508

[29]Lucchetti, G., Koenig, H. G., Lucchetti, A. L. G. (2021). Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health: A review of the current scientific evidence. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 9(26), 7620–7631. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7620

[30]Mambet Doue, C., Roussiau, N. (2016). The Role of Mediators in the Indirect Effects of Religiosity on Therapeutic Compliance in African Migrant HIV-Positive Patients. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(6), 1850–1863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-015-0155-x

[31]Mancini, C.J., Quilliam, V., Camilleri, C., Sammut, S. (2023). Spirituality and Negative Religious Coping, but not Positive Religious Coping, Differentially Mediate the Relationship Between Scrupulosity and Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 14, 100680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100680

[32]Maton, K. I. (1989). The stress-buffering role of spiritual support: Cross-sectional and prospective investigations. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28(3), 310–323. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386742

[33]Medved Kendrick, H. (2017). Are religion and spirituality barriers or facilitators to treatment for HIV: A systematic review of the literature. AIDS Care, 29(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1201196

[34]Montel, S., Bungener, C. (2010). Validation of CHIP (a coping questionnaire) in a French population with neurological disorders (French). Revue Neurologique, 166(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2009.05.004

[35]Muldoon, M., King, N. (1995). Spirituality, health care, and bioethics. Journal of Religion and Health, 34(4), 329–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02248742

[36]Pahlevan Sharif, S., Amiri, M., Allen, K. A., et al. (2021). Attachment: The mediating role of hope, religiosity, and life satisfaction in older adults. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01695-y

[37]Paloutzian, R., Ellison, C. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being, and the quality of life. In Peplau, L. A., Perman, D. (editors). Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy. Wiley. pp. 224–237.

[38]Pinho, C. M., Dâmaso, B. F., Gomes, E. T., et al. (2017). Religious and spiritual coping in people living with HIV/Aids. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 70(2), 392–399. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2015-0170

[39]Préau, M., Bouhnik, A. D., Roussiau, N., et al. (2008). Disclosure and religion among people living with HIV/AIDS in France. AIDS Care, 20(5), 521–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120701867230

[40]Roussiau, N., Ameline, A., Biccheri, E., Renard, E. (2023). Implicit spirituality: A contribution to the study of spirituality in existential psychology (French). Pratiques Psychologiques, 29(4), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prps.2023.02.001

[41]Ryff C. D. (2021). Spirituality and Well-Being: Theory, Science, and the Nature Connection. Religions, 12(11), 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12110914

[42]Sarfati, G. E. (2024). Manual of existential analysis and logotherapy (French). Dunod.

[43]Tarquinio, C., Fischer, G. N., Grégoire, A. (2000). Compliance in patients with HIV: Validation of a French scale and measurement of psychosocial variables (French). Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 13(2), 61–91.

[44]Trickey, A., Sabin, C. A., Burkholder, G., et al. (2023). Life expectancy after 2015 of adults with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy in Europe and North America: A collaborative analysis of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV, 10(5), e295–e307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(23)00028-0

[45]Velasco, L., Rioux, L. (2009). “Adaptation and validation in French of a spiritual well-being scale”: Correction (French). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement, 41(4), 240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016144

[46]Zeidner, M., Endler, N. S. (1996). Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications. John Wiley & Sons.