A study of the underlying dynamics of phase-space projection of microwave-assisted synthesis of transition metal nanostructures

Victor J.  Law; Denis P.  Dowling

doi:10.59400/mtr2325

Victor J. Law School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
Denis P. Dowling School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland

Article ID: 2325

Keywords: microwave-assisted synthesis; transition metal nanostructures; power-law signature; allometry scaling; green chemistry

Abstract

The study brings together in a single publication the phase-space projection analysis of microwave-assisted synthesis of transition monometallic (palladium, silver, platinum, and gold), binary zinc oxide, and metals supported on carbon framework nanostructures. It is shown for a database of fifty microwave-assisted syntheses, a two-variable power-law signature (y = cxn) over four orders of magnitude. The purpose of this study is therefore to identify the underlying dynamics of the power-law signature. A dual allometry test is used to discriminate between transition metal period and row, and between recommended Green Chemistry, problematic Green Chemistry, and non-Green Chemistry hazardous solvents. Typically, recommended Green Chemistry exhibits a broad y-axis distribution within an upper exponent = 1 and lower exponent = 0.5. Problematic Green Chemistry exhibits a y-axes narrower distribution with an upper exponent = 0.94 and a lower exponent = 0.64. Non-Green Chemistry hazardous data shows a further narrowing of the y-axis distribution within upper exponent = 0.87 and lower exponent = 0.66. Mass-based environmental factor is used to calculate the ‘Greenness’ of single-step (facile) transition metal synthesis. The power-law signature also exhibits phase transitions associated with microwave applicator type.

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