Fatigue damage model of neoprene rubber sandwiched with bi-directional carbon fabric

Krishna  Nair; Shrutva  Chavda; Pooja  Choudhary; Pinkal  Patel; Anil  Chavada; Jashvant D.  Rathod; Rajesh C.  Shah

doi:10.59400/jam1986

Fatigue damage model of neoprene rubber sandwiched with bi-directional carbon fabric

Krishna Nair Department of Applied Mechanics & Structural Engineering, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, India
Shrutva Chavda Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, India
Pooja Choudhary Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, India
Pinkal Patel Department of Applied Mechanics & Structural Engineering, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, India
Anil Chavada Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, India
Jashvant D. Rathod Department of Applied Mechanics & Structural Engineering, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, India
Rajesh C. Shah Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, India http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8001-9569

Article ID: 1986

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/jam1986

Keywords: fatigue; CDM; mathematical modelling; elastomer; rubber; hyperelastic model; strain energy function

Abstract

Fatigue is a phenomenon that occurs in materials when they are subjected to repetitive or cyclic loading, which can lead to the accumulation of damage over a time. The purpose of the present study is to develop a fatigue damage model incorporating experimental test results of axial tension and fatigue that utilizes the principles of continuum damage mechanics (CDM) to predict the damage accumulation in composite. Experimental testing in axial tensile tests involves dumbbell specimens of neoprene rubber sandwiched with bi-directional carbon fabric to constitute a composite material with the help of which material constants C₁₀, C₂₀, and C₃₀ parameters are evaluated by the curve-fitting method. Fatigue tests were conducted for different displacements, from which constants s₀ and S₀ were figured out using a linear regression method. A mathematical model is developed, and MATLAB is used to relate stress and strain in Yeoh’s strain energy function to describe the nonlinear elastic behavior of elastomers incorporating material parameters evaluated by axial tensile tests and fatigue tests. The MATLAB script was run in ANSYS with this modified Yeoh hyperelastic model for evaluation of damage in composite and compared with damage evaluated by image processing software in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images for validation purposes.

References

[1]Le Cam JB, Huneau B, Verron E. Fatigue damage in carbon black filled natural rubber under uni- and multiaxial loading conditions. International Journal of Fatigue. 2013; 52: 82–94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.02.022

[2]Kang W, Liu J, Xiong W, et al. Basic mechanical and fatigue properties of rubber materials and components for railway vehicles: A literature survey. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science. 2022; 61(1): 587–610. doi: 10.1515/rams-2022-0054

[3]Suryatal B, Phakatkar H, Rajkumar K, et al. Fatigue Life Estimation of an Elastomeric Pad by ε-N Curve and FEA. Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology. 2015; 05(02): 85–92. doi: 10.4236/jsemat.2015.52010

[4]Yeoh OH. Hyperelastic material models for finite element analysis of rubber. Journal of Natural Rubber Research. 1997; 12(3): 142–153.

[5]Ali A, Hosseini M, Sahari B. Continuum damage mechanics modeling for fatigue life of elastomeric materials. International Journal of Structural Integrity. 2010; 1(1): 63–72. doi: 10.1108/17579861011023801

[6]Zarrin-Ghalami T, Fatemi A. Cumulative fatigue damage and life prediction of elastomeric components. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. 2012; 36(3): 270–279. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2012.01720.x

[7]Tang CY, Lee WB. Damage mechanics applied to elastic properties of polymers. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 1995; 52(4): 717–729. doi: 10.1016/0013-7944(94)00333-D

[8]Mars WV, Fatemi A. A literature survey on fatigue analysis approaches for rubber, International Journal of Fatigue. 2002; 24(9): 949–961. doi: 10.1016/S0142-1123(02)00008-7

[9]Barbero EJ, Shahbazi M. Determination of material properties for ANSYS progressive damage analysis of laminated composites. Composite Structures. 2017; 176: 768–779. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.05.074

[10]Shangguan WB. Study on the Effect of Different Damage Parameters on the Predicting Fatigue Life of Rubber Isolators. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2016; 52(2): 116-126. doi: 10.3901/jme.2016.02.116

[11]Shangguan WB, Wang XL, Deng JX, et al. Experiment and modeling of uniaxial tension fatigue performances for filled natural rubbers. Materials & Design. 2014; 58: 65–73. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.035

[12]Gehrmann O, Kröger NH, Muhr A. Displacement-controlled fatigue testing of rubber is not strain-controlled. International Journal of Fatigue. 2021; 145: 106083. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.106083

[13]Luo RK. Rubber fatigue prediction for filled natural rubber under positive and negative R ratios. International Journal of Fatigue. 2022; 158: 106769. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.106769

[14]Wang X, Shangguan W, Rakheja S, et al. A method to develop a unified fatigue life prediction model for filled natural rubbers under uniaxial loads. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. 2014; 37(1): 50–61. doi: 10.1111/ffe.12081

[15]Li Q, Zhao J, Zhao B. Fatigue life prediction of a rubber mount based on test of material properties and finite element analysis. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2009; 16(7): 2304–2310. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2009.03.008

[16]Papadopoulos IC, Thomas AG, Busfield JJC. Rate transitions in the fatigue crack growth of elastomers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2008; 109(3): 1900–1910. doi: 10.1002/app.28086

[17]Ayoub G, Naït-abdelaziz M, Zaïri F, et al. Multiaxial fatigue life prediction of rubber-like materials using the continuum damage mechanics approach. Procedia Engineering. 2010; 2(1): 985–993. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.03.107

[18]Wang B, Lu H, Kim GH. A damage model for the fatigue life of elastomeric materials. Mechanics of Materials. 2002; 34(8): 475-483. doi: 10.1016/S0167-6636(02)00175-8

[19]Lemaitre J. A Continuous Damage Mechanics Model for Ductile Fracture. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology. 1985; 107(1): 83–89. doi: 10.1115/1.3225775

[20]Pamar JD, Naik BB, Latha OH, et al. Experimental Investigation of Bi Directional Carbon Fiber Composite. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2015; 2(4–5): 3008–3016. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.285

[21]ASTM, D3039/D3039M. Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials. ASTM International. 2002.

[22]D412-98aASTM. Standard test methods for vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic elastomers. Annual Book of ASTM Standards; 2003.

[23]Saman F. Void content computation using optical microscopy for carbon fiber composites, Degree project in the field of technology materials design and engineering and the main field of study materials science and engineering. Stockholm Sweden; 2020.

Published

2025-02-19

How to Cite

Nair, K., Chavda, S., Choudhary, P., Patel, P., Chavada, A., Rathod, J. D., & Shah, R. C. (2025). Fatigue damage model of neoprene rubber sandwiched with bi-directional carbon fabric. Journal of AppliedMath, 3(1), 1986. https://doi.org/10.59400/jam1986

Download Citation

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Article

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Editors-in-Chief

Assoc. Prof. Ahmad Zeeshan

International Islamic University, Pakistan

Dr. Nehad Ali Shah

Sejong University, Korea

eISSN

2972-4805

Publication Frequency

Bi-monthly

About the Publisher

Academic Publishing insists on taking academic exchange and publication as the main line, carrying out comprehensive management based on science and technology, and fully exploring excellent international publishing resources. Within 5 years, it will form a strategic framework and scale with science (S), technology (T), medicine (M), education (E), and humanities and arts (H) as the main publishing fields. Academic Publishing is headquartered in Singapore and based in Malaysia, with the United States and China providing the main scientific and academic resources. At the same time, it has established long-term good cooperative relations with other publishing companies, scientific research communities, and academic organizations in more than a dozen countries and regions. Academic Publishing uses English and Chinese as its main publishing languages, mainly publishing books, journals, and conference papers in print and online. The vast majority of publications follow the international open access policy, providing stable and long-term quality and professional publications. With the joint efforts of the expert team and our professional editorial team, our publications will gradually be indexed by international databases in stages to provide convenient and professional retrieval for various scholars. At the same time, manuscripts we accept will be subject to the peer review principle, and cutting-edge and innovative research articles will be preferentially accepted for peer reference and discussion. All kinds of our publications are welcome for peer to contribute, access, and download.

more

Volume Arrangement

2025

2024

2023

Featured Articles

Octagonal-square tessellation model for masting GSM network: A case study of MTN Kumasi-East, Ghana

Masting in GSM network design is one of the most challenging problems in cell planning. The effect of uniform design pattern has been proven geographically to be hexagonal using uniform cell range. In this paper, we present a new uniform greedy semi-regular tessellation model called the octagonal square tessellation model (OSTM) to address the problem of global minimum overlap difference and area. Data from MTN Kumasi-East Ghana was collected and analyzed using the developed model. The original layout for the 0.6 km cell range accounted for an overlap difference of 937.66 m and a total area of 21.41 km² for 50 GSM mosts whereas the OSTM model accounted for an overlap difference of 1316.95 m with an area of 34.23 km². This is a 59.87% reduction of the original total area. Our solution is shown to be optimal in overlap difference and area for non-uniform cell range.

Computation of topological indices of linear chains of perylene and coronene using M-polynomial

The M-polynomial yields degree based topological indices that anticipate different physical and chemical properties of material being scrutinized. In this work, M- polynomial of linear chains of perylene and coronene are acquired. From M-polynomial, some degree based topological dicriptors are determined. Some topological indices of these compounds are compared by plotting graphs.

H∞ hybrid control and MRD in a steel frame building subjected to excessivevibrations caused by the dynamic action of wind and earthquake

The dynamic loads from earthquakes and winds can destroy lives, cause collapse in civil structures, and interrupt basic services provided to the population. In this scenario, structural designs must be developed to decrease the damage induced by these actions. The objective of this work is to design a hybrid controller based on the H∞ optimization via state feedback and the magneto-rheological damper (MRD) to mitigate the excessive vibrations of a three-story steel frame building, represented through the shear building model, subjected to the simultaneous dynamic action of wind and earthquake. All research is based on computational simulation, experimental research and results will not be addressed. In the numerical analysis, digital computer and MATLAB® software are used, and implemented codes generate the expected results based on the mathematical modeling. With the application of the H∞ control technique via state feedback, the displacements were reduced by 77%. With MRD this reduction was 79%. With the hybrid controller, this reduction was 100%. Thus, the verifications in relation to maximum displacements were met for NBR 15421:2006, NBR 8800:2008 and NBR 6118:2014. From the results, it is concluded that the hybrid controller proved to be more efficient and achieved the proposed objective. The exogenous inputs had zero influence on the behavior of the system output.

Topological analysis of multiple tables

The paper proposes a topological approach in order to explore several data tables simultaneously. These data tables of quantitative and/or qualitative variables measured on different homogeneous themes, collected from the same individuals. This approach, called topological analysis of multiple tables (TAMT), is based on the notion of neighborhood graphs in the context of a joint analysis of several data tables. It allows the simultaneous study of possible links between several thematic tables. The structure of the correlations or associations of the variables in each thematic table is analyzed according to quantitative, qualitative or mixed variables considered. Like the multiple factorial analysis (MFA), the TAMT allows several tables of variables to be analyzed simultaneously, and to obtain results, in particular graphical representations, which make it possible to study the relationship between individuals, variables and tables of data. These can also be tables of temporal data, collected at different times on the same individuals. The proposed TAMT approach is illustrated using real data associated with several and different homogeneous themes. Its results are compared to those from the MFA method.

Development of a stacked hybrid Decision Tree model leveraging the NSL-KDD dataset

Intrusion detection in information technology as well as operational technology networks is highly required in modern day systems due to the increased spate of cyber-attacks in both number and complexity. Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems which have the capacity to detect novel or zero-day attacks are highly employed in this regard. One important component of anomaly-based intrusion detection systems which ensures their behaviour is artificial intelligence in general and machine learning in particular. The burden in modern day cybersecurity research is to investigate and develop models that can outperform existing ones. This paper is aimed at developing a hybrid decision tree model using the stacking ensemble approach. Performances were measured on the basis of recall, precision, accuracy, F1-score, receiver operating characteristics and confusion matrices. The hybrid model presented a precision of 97%, accuracy of 81%, F1-score of 80% and AUC score of 0.96, respectively.