Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026)

  • Open Access

    Article

    Article ID: 4439

    Static vs. dynamic cloud scheduling: A benchmark driven performance and energy study

    by Saba Naz, Altaf Hussain

    Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Vol.4, No.2, 2026;

    Major multinational corporations, including Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, and Google, continue to advance network and computational infrastructures through the deployment of highly efficient data centers worldwide to strengthen their cloud computing services. Despite these technological advancements, cloud computing environments still face several critical challenges, such as optimal resource utilization, cost efficiency, security, fault tolerance, scalability, and energy consumption. For organizations operating private clouds or delivering cloud-based services, the primary objectives include maximizing resource utilization, minimizing response and waiting times, increasing throughput and profitability, and enhancing the overall user experience, with energy efficiency being a particularly important concern. This study presents an empirical evaluation of various static and dynamic cloud job scheduling algorithms using the CloudSimPlus simulation framework. The algorithms are assessed using two well-established scientific benchmark datasets: HCSP and GoCJ instances. Experimental results reveal that the Resource-Aware Load Balancing Algorithm (RALBA) emerges as the most energy-efficient static scheduling approach, achieving reduced makespan, improved resource utilization, and lower energy consumption. In contrast, the Max–Min algorithm exhibits the highest makespan, the lowest throughput, inefficient resource utilization, and the greatest energy consumption. Among the dynamic scheduling techniques, DE-RALBA demonstrates superior resource utilization and competitive makespan performance while maintaining relatively efficient energy usage. However, the results also indicate that dynamic scheduling approaches may incur higher energy consumption depending on workload characteristics and rescheduling overhead. Unlike prior studies that evaluate scheduling strategies in isolation, this work provides a unified, benchmark-driven, and energy-aware comparison of static and dynamic scheduling paradigms, enabling deeper insights into performance–energy trade-offs.

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  • Open Access

    Article

    Article ID: 4398

    YOLOv26-based automated crater detection and geometric measurement using Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC) imagery

    by Meenakshi Sarkar, Prit Gajjar

    Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Vol.4, No.2, 2026;

    Accurate detection and measurement of lunar craters are crucial for a better understanding of the geological history and evolution of the Moon’s surface. Manually detecting and measuring craters using high-resolution images is not only tedious but may also involve a certain amount of subjectivity. What makes this proposal innovative is the combination of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm with the Segment Anything Model for accurate segmentation of craters’ pixels and measurement of their geometrical properties. In this framework, the locations of the craters are automatically detected using the YOLOv26 algorithm, followed by accurate determination of the crater regions using the Segment Anything Model (SAM). Finally, the accurate determination of the diameter, radius, and surface area of the craters is carried out using the pixel measurement and scale factor conversion technique. This approach will be trained and tested using a dataset comprised of about 12,000 images obtained by dividing the Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC) lunar imagery into image patches of 640 × 640 dimensions and divided in the ratio of training set: validation set: test set as 70:20:10. This model gave a precision value of 91.5%, a recall of 88.6%, mAP@50 of 95.6%, and mAP@50–95 of 88.6%, thereby outperforming all other versions of YOLO that were analysed and showing strong competency.

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