Nouns as essential migration signifiers for improving migrant mental health through social services supporting problem-focused or emotion-focused coping

Carol  Nash

doi:10.59400/apr2580

Carol Nash History of Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada

Article ID: 2580

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/apr2580

Keywords: migrate; social services; migrants; mental health; nouns; self-direction; narrative review; coping

Abstract

Migrate as a verb represents a process where providing social services to migrants reduces their instability and discomfort with providers inclined to pity or fear migrants. Consequently, migrants learn to form negative views of themselves, decreasing their mental health. Considering migrate as a verb neglects the noun to whom or to which the migrant is heading—a person, place, thing, event, or idea. Viewing migration as noun-dependent, the migrant is potentially identifiable as self-directing their migration and seeking aid. This study examines examples of the five types of nouns migrants may conceptualize to guide their migration in a narrative review of Google Scholar search results of “[noun-type] to which [whom] migrants head in their migration” for each noun type regarding the four relevant highest returned post-2020 reports. Examining migrant mental health considers a 2023 systematic review regarding place. The purpose is to investigate the social services applicable to migrants if ultimately self-directing (or not) regarding coping theory, contrasting problem-focused with emotion-focused coping. Viewing such migration nouns as essential migration signifiers encourages migrants’ favorable identification. In recognizing the intended self-direction of the migrant, their mental health is improved and is supportable through relevant and appropriately available social services.

References

Abbas, M., Aloudat, T., Bartolomei, J., et al. (2018). Migrant and refugee populations: A public health and policy perspective on a continuing global crisis. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 7(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0403-4

Acar, B., Acar, İ. H., Alhiraki, O. A., Fahham, O., et al. (2021). The Role of Coping Strategies in Post-Traumatic Growth among Syrian Refugees: A Structural Equation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168829

Acquaviva, P. (2024). Nouns, Names, and Abstract Kinds. Nouns and the morphosyntax / semantics interface. Palgrave Macmillan.

Agarwal, S., Charlesworth, M., & Elrakhawy, M. (2023). How to write a narrative review. Anaesthesia, 78(9), 1162–1166. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.16016

Alencar, A. (2020). Mobile communication and refugees: An analytical review of academic literature. Sociology Compass, 14(8), e12802. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12802

Andisha, P., & Lueger-Schuster, B. (2024). Afghan Refugee Populations’ Mental Health: Exploring Pre-migration Environmental Differences and Post-migration Stressors. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 29(3), 247–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2023.2262929

Andrejuk, K. (2023). Rapid Evolution of Refugee Policy in Poland: Russian Invasion of Ukraine as a Focusing Event. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2023.2260337

Andresen, M., Bergdolt, F., & Margenfeld, J. (2012). What Distinguishes Self-Initiated Expatriates from Assigned Expatriates and Migrants?: A Literature-Based Definition and Differentiation of Terms. Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, organizational, and national perspectives. Routledge.

Barn, R., Di Rosa, R. T., & Kallinikaki, T. (2021). Unaccompanied Minors in Greece and Italy: An Exploration of the Challenges for Social Work within Tighter Immigration and Resource Constraints in Pandemic Times. Social Sciences, 10(4), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10040134

Belloni, M. (2020). Family project or individual choice? Exploring agency in young Eritreans’ migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(2), 336–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2019.1584698

Bernardsdóttir, B., Sandahl, H., Carlsson, J., et al. (2023). Psychotherapy readiness domains as predictors of psychotherapy outcome in trauma-affected refugees. Journal of Affective Disorders, 325, 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.130

Bertoli, S., Brücker, H., & Fernández-Huertas Moraga, J. (2022). Do applications respond to changes in asylum policies in European countries? Regional Science and Urban Economics, 93, 103771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2022.103771

Beza, S., Mavrodi, A. G., Kyratso, G., & Aletras, V. H. (2022). Health-Related Quality of Life Among Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Northern Greece. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 24(2), 437–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-021-01199-3

Bhagat, R. S., Allie, S. M., & Ford, D. L. (2020). Coping with Stressful Life Events: An Empirical Analysis. Occupational Stress. CRC Press.

Bock, J. G., Haque, Z., & McMahon, K. A. (2020). Displaced and dismayed: How ICTs are helping refugees and migrants, and how we can do better. Information Technology for Development, 26(4), 670–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2020.1727827

Boenigk, S., Fisk, R., Kabadayi, S., et al. (2021). Rethinking Service Systems and Public Policy: A Transformative Refugee Service Experience Framework. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 40(2), 165–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743915620962815

Borrelli, L. M. (2022). Should (S)he Stay or Should (S)he Go? – Street-level Suspicion and the Construction of the ‘(Un)deserving Migrant.’ Geopolitics, 27(4), 1093–1116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2020.1814257

Brea Larios, D. (2024). Navigating wellness through integration: Coping strategies for depression among Syrian refugees in Norway. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 485. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01987-0

Budimir, S., Probst, T., & Pieh, C. (2021). Coping strategies and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Mental Health, 30(2), 156–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2021.1875412

Bujek-Kubas, I., Kopczyński, P., & Mojs, E. (2020). Styles of coping in a stressful situation, social support and psychological consequences in emigrants from the Netherlands. Journal of Medical Science, 89(4), e431. https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e431

Caetano, A., & Nico, M. (2022). Biographical research: Challenges and creativity. Routledge.

Carroll, H. A., Kvietok, A., Pauschardt, J., Freier, L. F., & Bird, M. (2023). Prevalence of common mental health disorders in forcibly displaced populations versus labor migrants by migration phase: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 321, 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.010

Carruth, L., Martinez, C., Smith, L., Donato, K., Piñones-Rivera, C., & Quesada, J. (2021). Structural vulnerability: Migration and health in social context. BMJ Global Health, 6(Suppl 1), e005109. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005109

Cattaneo, A., Adukia, A., Brown, D. L., Christiaensen, L., Evans, D. K., Haakenstad, A., McMenomy, T., Partridge, M., Vaz, S., & Weiss, D. J. (2022). Economic and social development along the urban–rural continuum: New opportunities to inform policy. World Development, 157, 105941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105941

Chaney, M. A. (2021). So You Want to Write a Narrative Review Article? Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 35(10), 3045–3049. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2021.06.017

Chatzikyriakidis, S., & Luo, Z. (2017). On the Interpretation of Common Nouns: Types Versus Predicates. Modern Perspectives in Type-Theoretical Semantics. Springer International Publishing.

Chavez-Dueñas, N. Y., Adames, H. Y., Perez-Chavez, J. G., & Salas, S. P. (2019). Healing ethno-racial trauma in Latinx immigrant communities: Cultivating hope, resistance, and action. American Psychologist, 74(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000289

Chirkov, V. (2024). Statistical positivism, psychoanalysis, and the theory of sociocultural models: A review of three approaches to acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 101, 102009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102009

Chiu, T. Y., & Yeoh, B. S. A. (2021). Marriage migration, family and citizenship in Asia. Citizenship Studies, 25(7), 879–897. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2021.1968680

Chomsky, N. (2015). Aspects of the theory of syntax (50th Anniversary Edition). The MIT Press.

Ciobanu, R. O., Fokkema, T., & Nedelcu, M. (2020). Ageing as a migrant: Vulnerabilities, agency and policy implications (1st ed.). Routledge.

Clemens, M. A. (2021). Violence, development, and migration waves: Evidence from Central American child migrant apprehensions. Journal of Urban Economics, 124, 103355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2021.103355

Clemens, M. A., & Mendola, M. (2024). Migration from developing countries: Selection, income elasticity, and Simpson’s paradox. Journal of Development Economics, 171, 103359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103359

Colgate University, USA, and IZA, Germany, & Simpson, N. B. (2022). Demographic and economic determinants of migration. IZA World of Labor. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.373.v2

Conrad Suso, C. T. (2020). Involuntary Immobility and the Unfulfilled Rite of Passage: Implications for Migration Management in the Gambia, West Africa. International Migration, 58(4), 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12675

Corona Maioli, S., Bhabha, J., Wickramage, K., et al. (2021). International migration of unaccompanied minors: Trends, health risks, and legal protection. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 5(12), 882–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00194-2

Craig, C. G. (1986). Noun Classes and Categorization: Proceedings of a symposium on categorization and noun classification, Eugene, Oregon, October 1983. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Crawley, H., & Jones, K. (2021). Beyond here and there: (Re)conceptualising migrant journeys and the ‘in-between.’ Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(14), 3226–3242. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1804190

Czaika, M., & Reinprecht, C. (2022). Migration Drivers: Why Do People Migrate? In P. Scholten (Ed.), Introduction to Migration Studies: An Interactive Guide to the Literatures on Migration and Diversity (pp. 49–82). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8

Dahinden, J., Fischer, C., & Menet, J. (2021). Knowledge production, reflexivity, and the use of categories in migration studies: Tackling challenges in the field. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 44(4), 535–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2020.1752926

De Haas, H. (2021). A theory of migration: The aspirations-capabilities framework. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00210-4

De Koning, A., Ruijtenberg, W., Chakkour, S., et al. (2024). Migrants, welfare and social citizenship in postcolonial Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(2), 423–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2248398

De Sherbinin, A., Grace, K., McDermid, S., et al. (2022). Migration Theory in Climate Mobility Research. Frontiers in Climate, 4, 882343. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.882343

De Vries, A., Tiemens, B., Cillessen, L., & Hutschemaekers, G. (2021). Construction and validation of a self‐direction measure for mental health care. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(6), 1371–1383. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23091

Della Puppa, F., Montagna, N., & Kofman, E. (2021). Onward migration and intra‐European mobilities: A critical and theoretical overview. International Migration, 59(6), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12815

Dennison, J. (2020). A basic human values approach to migration policy communication. Data & Policy, 2, e18. https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2020.17

Deshmukh, S., & Vishwakarma, K. (2021). A Survey on Crawlers used in developing Search Engine. 2021 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 1446–1452. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICCS51141.2021.9432368

Duan, J., Yin, J., Xu, Y., & Wu, D. (2020). Should I stay or should I go? Job demands’ push and entrepreneurial resources’ pull in Chinese migrant workers’ return-home entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(5–6), 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2019.1640455

Duveau, C., Wets, C., Delaruelle, K., et al. (2023). Unintentional Discrimination Against Patients with a Migration Background by General Practitioners in Mental Health Management: An Experimental Study. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 50(3), 450–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-023-01250-5

Ellermann, A. (2020). Discrimination in migration and citizenship. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(12), 2463–2479. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1561053

Ermansons, G., Kienzler, H., Asif, Z., & Schofield, P. (2023). Refugee mental health and the role of place in the Global North countries: A scoping review. Health & Place, 79, 102964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102964

Falagas, M. E., Pitsouni, E. I., Malietzis, G. A., & Pappas, G. (2008). Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: Strengths and weaknesses. The FASEB Journal, 22(2), 338–342. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.07-9492LSF

Farashah, A. D., & Blomquist, T. (2022). Work experiences of qualified immigrants: A review of theoretical progress. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 41(7), 1063–1090. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-01-2019-0046

Fernández Pinto, M. (2023). Methodological and Cognitive Biases in Science: Issues for Current Research and Ways to Counteract Them. Perspectives on Science, 31(5), 535–554. https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00589

Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and Promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 745–774. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456

Fortier, A. M. (2020). Making Home: Queer Migrations and Motions of Attachment. In S. Ahmed, C. Castañeda, A.-M. Fortier, & M. Sheller (Eds.), Uprootings/regroundings: Questions of home and migration (pp. 115–135). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Friedman, S. L. (2023). Opting out of the city: Lifestyle migrations, alternative education, and the pursuit of happiness among Chinese middle‐class families. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 29(2), 383–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.13917

Giambra, S., & McKenzie, D. (2021). Self-employment and migration. World Development, 141, 105362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105362

Gillespie, S., Cardeli, E., Sideridis, G., et al. (2020). Residential mobility, mental health, and community violence exposure among Somali refugees and immigrants in North America. Health & Place, 65, 102419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102419

Gilodi, A., Albert, I., & Nienaber, B. (2024). Vulnerability in the Context of Migration: A Critical Overview and a New Conceptual Model. Human Arenas, 7(3), 620–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-022-00288-5

Giovanelli, M. (2022). Cognitive Grammar. In M. Giovanelli, The Language of Siegfried Sassoon (pp. 17–47). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88469-7_2

Glorius, B., Kordel, S., Weidinger, T., et al. (2020). Is Social Contact With the Resident Population a Prerequisite of Well-Being and Place Attachment? The Case of Refugees in Rural Regions of Germany. Frontiers in Sociology, 5, 578495. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2020.578495

Göttgens, I., & Oertelt-Prigione, S. (2021). The Application of Human-Centered Design Approaches in Health Research and Innovation: A Narrative Review of Current Practices. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(12), e28102. https://doi.org/10.2196/28102

Gottvall, M., Brunell, C., Eldebo, A., et al. (2023). Post‐migration psychosocial experiences and challenges amongst LGBTQ + forced migrants: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative reports. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 79(1), 358–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15480

Greenhalgh, T., Thorne, S., & Malterud, K. (2018). Time to challenge the spurious hierarchy of systematic over narrative reviews? European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 48(6), e12931. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12931

Gruenhagen, J. H. (2021). Returnee entrepreneurship: How home-country institutions, estrangement and support influence entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13(5), 945–966. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-05-2020-0143

Gunasekara, A., Bertone, S., Almeida, S., & Crowley-Henry, M. (2021). Dancing to two tunes: The role of bicultural identity and strong ties in skilled migrants’ value-driven protean careers. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 81, 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.12.007

Gusenbauer, M. (2019). Google Scholar to overshadow them all? Comparing the sizes of 12 academic search engines and bibliographic databases. Scientometrics, 118(1), 177–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2958-5

Gusenbauer, M., & Haddaway, N. R. (2020). Which academic search systems are suitable for systematic reviews or meta‐analyses? Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 other resources. Research Synthesis Methods, 11(2), 181–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1378

Haan, N. (1969). A TRIPARTITE MODEL OF EGO FUNCTIONING VALUES AND CLINICAL AND RESEARCH APPLICATIONS: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 148(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-196901000-00003

Hanhörster, H., & Wessendorf, S. (2020). The Role of Arrival Areas for Migrant Integration and Resource Access. Urban Planning, 5(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i3.2891

Herslund, L., & Paulgaard, G. (2021). Refugees’ Encounters With Nordic Rural Areas–Darkness, Wind and “Hygge”! Frontiers in Sociology, 6, 623686. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.623686

Heyvaert, L. (2003). A Cognitive-Functional Approach to Nominalization in English: DE GRUYTER. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110903706

Husić, H. (2020). A vagueness based analysis of abstract nouns. Proceedings of Sinn Und Bedeutung, 359-376 Pages. https://doi.org/10.18148/SUB/2020.V24I1.872

Huyghe, R., & Wauquier, M. (2020). What’s in an agent?: A distributional semantics approach to agent nouns in French. Morphology, 30(3), 185–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-020-09366-2

Idemudia, E., & Boehnke, K. (2020). Theoretical Explanations of Migrations, Mental Health, Wellbeing and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In E. Idemudia & K. Boehnke, Psychosocial Experiences of African Migrants in Six European Countries (Vol. 81, pp. 51–81). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48347-0_4

Ikafa, I., Hack-Polay, D., Walker, J., & Mahmoud, A. B. (2022). African migrants and stress coping strategies in Australia: Implications for social work. International Social Work, 65(6), 1166–1183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872820963435

Jolof, L., Rocca, P., Mazaheri, M., et al. (2022). Experiences of armed conflicts and forced migration among women from countries in the Middle East, Balkans, and Africa: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Conflict and Health, 16(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-022-00481-x

Kaczan, D. J., & Orgill-Meyer, J. (2020). The impact of climate change on migration: A synthesis of recent empirical insights. Climatic Change, 158(3–4), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02560-0

Käkelä, E. (2020). Narratives of power and powerlessness: Cultural competence in social work with asylum seekers and refugees. European Journal of Social Work, 23(3), 425–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2019.1693337

Kashnitsky, D., & Richter, J. M. (2022). ‘In Short, We Will Deport You’: Disrupted temporalities of migrants with HIV in Russia. Global Public Health, 17(11), 2841–2853. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.2002923

King, L. S. (1967). Verbs. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 202(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1967.03130140103018

King, R., & Kuschminder, K. (2022). Introduction: Definitions, typologies and theories of return migration. In Handbook of Return Migration. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839100055.00008

Kira, M., Belgrade, A., Saleem, N., Pattipati, M. A., & Lee, F. (2023). Values Informing Former Refugees’ Good Life Experiences and Endeavors. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2023.2213173

Kofman, E., Buhr, F., & Salamońska, J. (2022). Family Migration. In P. Scholten (Ed.), Introduction to Migration Studies: An Interactive Guide to the Literatures on Migration and Diversity. Springer International Publishing.

Kone, Z. L., Ruiz, I., & Vargas-Silva, C. (2021). Self-employment and reason for migration: Are those who migrate for asylum different from other migrants? Small Business Economics, 56(3), 947–962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00311-0

Kosny, A., Yanar, B., Begum, M., et al. (2020). Safe Employment Integration of Recent Immigrants and Refugees. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 21(3), 807–827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-019-00685-w

Kutor, S. K., Raileanu, A., & Simandan, D. (2021). International migration, cross-cultural interaction, and the development of personal wisdom. Migration Studies, 9(3), 490–513. https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnz049

Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., Pimonenko, T., et al. (2022). International Migration Drivers: Economic, Environmental, Social, and Political Effects. Sustainability, 14(11), 6413. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116413

Lam, L., & Triandafyllidou, A. (2024). Road to nowhere or to somewhere? Migrant pathways in platform work in Canada. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 56(4), 1150–1169. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221090248

Langacker, R. W. (1999). CHAPTER 1 Nouns. In Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Volume II: Descriptive Application. Stanford University Press.

Langacker, R. W. (2000). Why a mind is necessary: Conceptualization, grammar and linguistic semantics. Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Lange, S., Glatz, T., & Eiset, A. H. (2024). Association of pre-migration socioeconomic status and post-migration mental health in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A descriptive sex-stratified cross-sectional analysis. Global Health Research and Policy, 9(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-024-00347-0

Lantos, N. A., Kende, A., Becker, J. C., & McGarty, C. (2020). Pity for economically disadvantaged groups motivates donation and ally collective action intentions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(7), 1478–1499. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2705

Lauria‐Perricelli, A. (1992). Towards a Transnational Perspective on Migration: Closing Remarks. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 645(1), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb33498.x

Lazarus, R. S. (1998). Fifty years of the research and theory of R.S. Lazarus: An analysis of historical and perennial issues. LEA Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.

Lechner, E. (2019). Migrants’ lives matter: Biographical research, recognition and social participation. Contemporary Social Science, 14(3–4), 500–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2018.1463449

Levitt, P. (2009). Roots and Routes: Understanding the Lives of the Second Generation Transnationally. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35(7), 1225–1242. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830903006309

Li, M., & Anderson, J. G. (2016). Pre-migration Trauma Exposure and Psychological Distress for Asian American Immigrants: Linking the Pre- and Post-migration Contexts. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18(4), 728–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-015-0257-2

Liao, D., Pulido, M. D., & Liu, Y. (2024). Coping, surviving, or thriving: A scoping review examining social support for migrant care workers through four theoretical lenses. Social Science & Medicine, 360, 117335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117335

Lincoln, A. K., Cardeli, E., Sideridis, G., et al. (2021). Discrimination, marginalization, belonging, and mental health among Somali immigrants in North America. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91(2), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000524

Liu, J., Mansoor, Y., Johar, J., Kim, S., Sidiqi, A., & Kapoor, V. (2020). Strengths-based inquiry of resiliency factors among refugees in Metro Vancouver: A comparison of newly-arrived and settled refugees. Social Science & Medicine, 263, 113243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113243

Lu, H., Cole, S. R., Howe, C. J., & Westreich, D. (2022). Toward a Clearer Definition of Selection Bias When Estimating Causal Effects. Epidemiology, 33(5), 699–706. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001516

Lucarelli, D., & Grassi, L. (2022). Subtle Paths of Trauma in Migrating Families. In C. Călărășanu, U. Schultz-Venrath, & H. Messner, A Psychoanalytic Exploration of Social Trauma (1st ed., pp. 122–130). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003269649-17

Lumley-Sapanski, A. (2021). The Survival Job Trap: Explaining Refugee Employment Outcomes in Chicago and the Contributing Factors. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(2), 2093–2123. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez092

Lupieri, S. (2022). ‘Vulnerable’ but not ‘Valuable’: Older refugees and perceptions of deservingness in medical humanitarianism. Social Science & Medicine, 301, 114903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114903

Maher, K. H., & Lafferty, M. (2014). White migrant masculinities in Thailand and the paradoxes of Western privilege. Social & Cultural Geography, 15(4), 427–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2014.893703

Martin, F., & Sashidharan, S. P. (2023). The Mental Health of Adult Irregular Migrants to Europe: A Systematic Review. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 25(2), 427–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-022-01379-9

Martín-Martín, A., Orduna-Malea, E., Thelwall, M., & Delgado López-Cózar, E. (2018). Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus: A systematic comparison of citations in 252 subject categories. Journal of Informetrics, 12(4), 1160–1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2018.09.002

Martín-Martín, A., Thelwall, M., Orduna-Malea, E., & Delgado López-Cózar, E. (2021). Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Scopus, Dimensions, Web of Science, and OpenCitations’ COCI: A multidisciplinary comparison of coverage via citations. Scientometrics, 126(1), 871–906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03690-4

Menninger, K. (1954). Regulatory Devices of the Ego under Major Stress. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 35, 412–420.

Milyavsky, M., Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M., et al. (2022). People Who Need People (and Some Who Think They Don’t): On Compensatory Personal and Social Means of Goal Pursuit. Psychological Inquiry, 33(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2022.2037986

Mitchell, S. M., & Pizzi, E. (2021). Natural Disasters, Forced Migration, and Conflict: The Importance of Government Policy Responses. International Studies Review, 23(3), 580–604. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa058

Morales-Muñoz, H., Jha, S., Bonatti, M., et al. (2020). Exploring Connections—Environmental Change, Food Security and Violence as Drivers of Migration—A Critical Review of Research. Sustainability, 12(14), 5702. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145702

Morris, T. H., & Rohs, M. (2021). Digitization bolstering self-directed learning for information literate adults–A systematic review. Computers and Education Open, 2, 100048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100048

Mu, Z., & Yeung, W. J. J. (2021). Migration and marriage in Asian contexts. Routledge.

Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., et al. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x

Munn, Z., Pollock, D., Khalil, H., et al. (2022). What are scoping reviews? Providing a formal definition of scoping reviews as a type of evidence synthesis. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 20(4), 950–952. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-21-00483

Neal, T. M. S., Lienert, P., Denne, E., & Singh, J. P. (2022). A general model of cognitive bias in human judgment and systematic review specific to forensic mental health. Law and Human Behavior, 46(2), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000482

Nguena Nguefack, H. L., Pagé, M. G., Katz, J., et al. (2020). Trajectory Modelling Techniques Useful to Epidemiological Research: A Comparative Narrative Review of Approaches. Clinical Epidemiology, 12, 1205–1222. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S265287

Nowak, A. C., Nutsch, N., Brake, T.-M., et al. (2023). Associations between postmigration living situation and symptoms of common mental disorders in adult refugees in Europe: Updating systematic review from 2015 onwards. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1289. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15931-1

Ojurongbe, S. (2023). The perceived effects of migration on the mental health of AFRO‐CARIBBEAN immigrants: A narrative synthesis of qualitative studies. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 30(6), 1203–1215. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12944

O’Reilly, K. (2022). Migration theories. In A. Triandafyllidou, Routledge Handbook of Immigration and Refugee Studies (2nd ed., pp. 3–12). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003194316-2

O’Sullivan, E. D., & Schofield, S. J. (2019). A cognitive forcing tool to mitigate cognitive bias – a randomised control trial. BMC Medical Education, 19(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1444-3

Ozcurumez, S., Akyuz, S., & Bradby, H. (2021). The Conceptualization problem in research and responses to sexual and gender-based violence in forced migration. Journal of Gender Studies, 30(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2020.1730163

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Parmar, A. (2020). Arresting (non)Citizenship: The Policing Migration Nexus of Nationality, Race and Criminalization. Theoretical Criminology, 24(1), 28–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480619850800

Parums, D. V. (2021). Editorial: Review Articles, Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analysis, and the Updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Guidelines. Medical Science Monitor, 27. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.934475

Peñuela-O’Brien, E., Wan, M. W., Edge, D., & Berry, K. (2023). Health professionals’ experiences of and attitudes towards mental healthcare for migrants and refugees in Europe: A qualitative systematic review. Transcultural Psychiatry, 60(1), 176–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615211067360

Peters, M. D. J., Godfrey, C. M., McInerney, P., et al. (2020). Scoping reviews. In E. Aromataris & Z. Munn (Eds.), JBI manual for evidence synthesis. JBI.

Potocky, M., & Naseh, M. (2020). Best Practices for Social Work with Refugees and Immigrants. Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/poto18138

Poudel-Tandukar, K., Jacelon, C. S., Bertone-Johnson, E. R., et al. (2020). Coping strategies and stress among resettled Bhutanese adults in Massachusetts. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 90(4), 502–509. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000453

Pouraghajan, S., Ullrich, J., & Morina, N. (2023). Mental health of asylum seekers and refugees: The role of trauma and postmigration living difficulties and the moderating effect of intergroup contact. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, 4, 100118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100118

Rathbun, B., Rathbun, N. S., & Pomeroy, C. (2022). No Fair! Distinguishing Between the Pursuit of Status and Equity in International Relations. International Studies Quarterly, 66(1), sqac002. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqac002

Reddick, C. G., Enriquez, R., Harris, R. J., & Sharma, B. (2020). Determinants of broadband access and affordability: An analysis of a community survey on the digital divide. Cities, 106, 102904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102904

Riethmuller, M. L., Dzidic, P. L., & Newnham, E. A. (2021). Going rural: Qualitative perspectives on the role of place attachment in young people’s intentions to return to the country. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 73, 101542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101542

Safouane, H., Jünemann, A., & Göttsche, S. (2020). Migrants’ Agency: A Re-Articulation beyond Emancipation and Resistance. New Political Science, 42(2), 197–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2020.1761736

Salhi, C., Scoglio, A. A. J., Ellis, H., et al. (2021). The relationship of pre- and post-resettlement violence exposure to mental health among refugees: A multi-site panel survey of somalis in the US and Canada. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(6), 1015–1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-02010-8

Sanfelici, M., Wellman, B., & Mordeglia, S. (2021). Unaccompanied minors’ needs and the child welfare response. Journal of Social Work, 21(6), 1533–1552. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017320958145

Schammann, H., Gluns, D., Heimann, C., et al. (2021). Defining and transforming local migration policies: A conceptual approach backed by evidence from Germany. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(13), 2897–2915. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1902792

Schapendonk, J., Van Liempt, I., Schwarz, I., & Steel, G. (2020). Re-routing migration geographies: Migrants, trajectories and mobility regimes. Geoforum, 116, 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.06.007

Schewel, K. (2020). Understanding Immobility: Moving Beyond the Mobility Bias in Migration Studies. International Migration Review, 54(2), 328–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918319831952

Scholten, P. (2022). Introduction to migration studies. Springer.

Schwarz, I. (2020). Migrants moving through mobility regimes: The trajectory approach as a tool to reveal migratory processes. Geoforum, 116, 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.03.007

Scuzzarello, S. (2020). Practising privilege. How settling in Thailand enables older Western migrants to enact privilege over local people. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(8), 1606–1628. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1711570

Sellami-Sellami, Y. (2022). Generative versus Cognitive Approaches to Grammar. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 2(6), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V02I06Y2022-08

Siddiqui, T., Szaboova, L., Adger, W. N., et al. (2021). Policy Opportunities and Constraints for Addressing Urban Precarity of Migrant Populations. Global Policy, 12(S2), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12855

Smith, S. A., & Duncan, A. A. (2022). Systematic and scoping reviews: A comparison and overview. Seminars in Vascular Surgery, 35(4), 464–469. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2022.09.001

Snel, E., Bilgili, Ö., & Staring, R. (2021). Migration trajectories and transnational support within and beyond Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(14), 3209–3225. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1804189

Snoubar, Y., & Zengin, O. (2022). Social Support Effectiveness of the Mental Health of Immigrants Living in Belgium. The British Journal of Social Work, 52(5), 2707–2725. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcac031

Soprano, M., Roitero, K., La Barbera, D., et al. (2024). Cognitive Biases in Fact-Checking and Their Countermeasures: A Review. Information Processing & Management, 61(3), 103672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103672

Statham, P., Scuzzarello, S., Sunanta, S., & Trupp, A. (2022). Thai-western mobilities and migration: Intimacy within cross-border connections. Routledge.

Steiner, N. (2023). Citizenship, nationalism, and national identity. In N. Steiner, International Migration and Citizenship Today. Routledge.

Stephenson, E., & DeLongis, A. (2020). Coping Strategies. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology. Wiley.

Sukhera, J. (2022). Narrative Reviews: Flexible, Rigorous, and Practical. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 14(4), 414–417. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-22-00480.1

Szabó, Á. (2022). Addressing the causes of the causes: Why we need to integrate social determinants into acculturation theory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 91, 318–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.01.014

Tedeschi, M., Vorobeva, E., & Jauhiainen, J. S. (2022). Transnationalism: Current debates and new perspectives. GeoJournal, 87(2), 603–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10271-8

Thomas, M. J., & Dommermuth, L. (2020). Internal Migration and the Role of Intergenerational Family Ties and Life Events. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(5), 1461–1478. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12678

Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., et al. (2018). PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850

Tsegay, S. M. (2023). International Migration: Definition, Causes and Effects. Genealogy, 7(3), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7030061

Tummala-Narra, P. (2014). Cultural identity in the context of trauma and immigration from a psychoanalytic perspective. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 31(3), 396–409. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036539

Urbański, M. (2022). Comparing Push and Pull Factors Affecting Migration. Economies, 10(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10010021

Vaillant, G. E. (1995). Adaptation to life. Harvard University Press.

Van Den Berg, N., Van Dijk, I. K., Mourits, R. J., et al. (2021). Families in comparison: An individual-level comparison of life-course and family reconstructions between population and vital event registers. Population Studies, 75(1), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2020.1718186

Van Hear, N., Bakewell, O., & Long, K. (2018). Push-pull plus: Reconsidering the drivers of migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(6), 927–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384135

Western, T. (2020). Listening with Displacement. Migration and Society, 3(1), 194–309. https://doi.org/10.3167/arms.2020.030128

Willen, S. S., Selim, N., Mendenhall, E., Lopez, M. M., Chowdhury, S. A., & Dilger, H. (2021). Flourishing: Migration and health in social context. BMJ Global Health, 6(Suppl 1), e005108. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005108

Ye, Z. (2017). The semantics of nouns. Oxford University Press.

Yeung, W. J. J., & Mu, Z. (2020). Migration and marriage in Asian contexts. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(14), 2863–2879. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1585005

Zaban, H. (2022). Urban ethnic enclaves and migration industries: The urban choices of mobile people. Urban Studies, 59(11), 2255–2275. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211045494

Ziersch, A., Miller, E., Baak, M., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Integration and social determinants of health and wellbeing for people from refugee backgrounds resettled in a rural town in South Australia: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1700. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09724-z