From track to stability: A review of vibration behavior, structural reliability, and dynamic performance in railway vehicles

  • Yana Li orcid

    Zhan Tianyou College, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
  • Yunxiao Chen

    Zhan Tianyou College, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
Article ID: 4444
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/sv4444
Keywords: railway vehicles; vehicle track interaction; vibration behavior; structural reliability; dynamic performance

Abstract

Railway vehicles operate under continuously changing wheel-rail contact, track geometry, loading, speed, and environmental conditions, making vibration behavior a direct driver of ride comfort, running safety, structural fatigue, and maintenance demand. Existing studies often examine vehicle vibration, structural reliability, and dynamic performance separately, which can obscure the causal path from track excitation to vehicle response, fatigue damage, performance degradation, and maintenance action. This review synthesizes these topics within an integrated life-cycle framework. It first examines major vibration excitation mechanisms, including track irregularities, wheel and rail defects, turnouts, transition zones, traction and braking forces, and aerodynamic disturbances. It then reviews modeling and analysis methods, including multibody dynamics, finite element analysis, vehicle–track coupled models, co-simulation, monitoring-based validation, and uncertainty analysis, with emphasis on their ability to connect dynamic loads with stress histories and fatigue reliability. Structural reliability is discussed as the mechanism by which vibration-induced loads become service risk, while dynamic performance is evaluated through ride comfort, running safety, hunting stability, vibration control, and multi-objective optimization. Furthermore, key limitations such as simplified contact assumptions, insufficient full-scale validation, weak coupling between monitoring data and fatigue models, limited interpretability of AI diagnosis and immature digital-twin implementation are identified in this review. Finally, future directions are proposed toward physics-informed modeling, uncertainty-aware reliability assessment, intelligent monitoring, adaptive vibration control and reliability-centered maintenance for safer, more durable, and sustainable railway vehicles.

Published
2026-07-22
How to Cite
Li, Y., & Chen, Y. (2026). From track to stability: A review of vibration behavior, structural reliability, and dynamic performance in railway vehicles. Sound & Vibration, 60(4). https://doi.org/10.59400/sv4444
Issue
Vol. 60 No. 4 (2026)
Section
Review

Copyright (c) 2026 Yana Li, Yunxiao Chen

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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