A brief review on declarative concepts of pharmaceutical characteristics, classification, mechanisms, preparation, formulation and evaluation studies of moisturizing cream

Victor  Dey; Subhasri  Mohapatra

doi:10.59400/nmm.v4i1.1573

Victor Dey Royal College of Pharmacy (RCP), Behind Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University Campus, Raipur (C.G.) 492099, India
Subhasri Mohapatra Department of Pharmaceutics of RCP College, Raipur (C.G.) 492099, India

Article ID: 1573

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/nmm.v4i1.1573

Keywords: dry skin clients; moisturizers; characteristics; skin pH; non-irritant; elegant criteria’s

Abstract

The pharmaceutical creams play important role on tropical applications in which moisturizers are one of the widely industrial preparations involved for to nourish, soften and moisten the skin for the clients. These are mainly effectively works on dry skin clients combating various cases such as itch, pain, stinging, tightness, tingling and many more problems. The moisturizers are products mainly aimed to raising the SC’s water surface content helps the skin smooth, hydrates and hence maintaining a normal pH of skin. They are classified as emollients, humectants, occlusives and protein rejuvenators moisturizers helps to aid skin layers and even modifies its barriers. But its ingredients needed to be considered as non-irritant, nontoxic and non-adverse effects. This review main purpose is to describe about the overall published studies being for making moisturizing creams are interest able, advantageous and all the characteristics, mechanism, preparation, formulation and evaluation within the elegant criteria fulfilled. Even have clinical details for various disorder which are already been suggested by expert as well as adjuvant therapy suggested by experts. The patterns are being studied about water-in-oil emulsion design along with its needs which are being qualified under evaluation parameters for to know about qualified moisturizing creams.

References

[1]Sanmathi BS, Mehta K, Gupta A. Dispencing Pharmacy: A Practical Manual. Pharm M. Press; 2016.

[2]Manisha YS, Sachin AN. Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal cosmetic cream. World J Pharm Sci. 2016; 5: 772-779.

[3]Navindgikar NN, Kamalapurkar KA, Chavan PS. Formulation and evaluation of multipurpose herbal cream. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research. 2020; 25-30. doi: 10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i3.38300

[4]Hamishehkar H, Same S, Adibkia K, et al. A comparative histological study on the skin occlusion performance of a cream made of solid lipid nanoparicles and Vaseline. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2015; 10: 378-387.

[5]Xu S, Kwa M, Lohman ME, et al. Consumer Preferences, Product Characteristics, and Potentially Allergenic Ingredients in Best-selling Moisturizers. JAMA Dermatology. 2017; 153(11): 1099. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.3046

[6]Sethi A, Kaur T, Malhotra S, et al. Moisturizers: The slippery road. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2016; 61(3): 279. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.182427

[7]Lodén M. Effect of moisturizers on epidermal barrier function. Clinics in Dermatology. 2012; 30(3): 286-296. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.015

[8]Lodén M. The clinical benefit of moisturizers. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2005; 19(6): 672-688. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01326.x

[9]Mawazi SM, Ann J, Othman N, et al. A Review of Moisturizers; History, Preparation, Characterization and Applications. Cosmetics. 2022; 9(3): 61. doi: 10.3390/cosmetics9030061

[10]Elias PM, Wood LC, Feingold KR. Epidermal Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Dermatoses. American Journal of Contact Dermatitis. 1999; 10(3): 119-126. doi: 10.1097/01634989-199909000-00001

[11]Lodén M. The Skin Barrier and Use of Moisturizers in Atopic Dermatitis. Elsevier. 2003; 21: 145-153. doi: 10.1016/S0738-081X(02)00373-5

[12]Cha HJ, He C, Zhao H, et al. Intercellular and intracellular functions of ceramides and their metabolites in skin (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2016; 38(1): 16-22. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2600

[13]Hartmann A. Back to the roots dermatology in ancient Egyptian medicine. JDDG: Journal der DeutschenDermatologischenGesellschaft. 2016; 14(4): 389-396. doi: 10.1111/ddg.12947

[14]Waugh A, Grant A. Ross and Wilson Anatomy & Physiology in Health and Illness. Elsevier. 2014; 12: 362-373.

[15]Sharma A, Banyal M, Gupta J, Joshi S. Formulation and evaluation of herbal cold cream. IJARIIE. 2023; 9(3): 2578-2585.

[16]Kolarsick PAJ, Kolarsick MA, Goodwin C. Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin. Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association. 2011; 3(4): 203-213. doi: 10.1097/jdn.0b013e3182274a98

[17]Murphy GF. Histology of the skin. Phiadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 1997; 8: 5-45.

[18]Yousef H, Alhajj M, Sharma S. Anatomy, Skin (Integument), Epidermis. National Library of Medicine. 2022; 1-6.

[19]Blank IH. Further Observations on Factors Which Influence the Water Content of the Stratum Corneum*. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1953; 21(4): 259-271. doi: 10.1038/jid.1953.100

[20]Kabashima K. New concept of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: Interplay among the barrier, allergy, and pruritus as a trinity. Journal of Dermatological Science. 2013; 70(1): 3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.02.001

[21]Moncrieff G, Cork M, Lawton S, et al. Use of emollients in dry-skin conditions: consensus statement. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2013; 38(3): 231-238. doi: 10.1111/ced.12104

[22]Purnamawati S, Indrastuti N, Danarti R, et al. The Role of Moisturizers in Addressing Various Kinds of Dermatitis: A Review. Clinical Medicine & Research. 2017; 15(3-4): 75-87. doi: 10.3121/cmr.2017.1363

[23]Gupta AK, Bluhm R, Cooper EA, et al. Seborrheic dermatitis. Dermatol Clin. 2003; 21(3): 401-412. doi: 10.1016/S0733-8635(03)00028-7

[24]Borda LJ, Wikramanayake TC. Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Conprehensive Review. J ClinInvestigDermatol. 2015; 3(2): 1-10.

[25]UsatineRP,Riojas M. Diagnosis and management of contact dermatitis. Am Fam Physician. 2010; 82(3): 249-255.

[26]American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Contact dermatitis: a practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 97(3): S1-S38. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60811-3

[27]Aoyama H, Tanaka M, Hara M, et al. Nummular Eczema: An Addition of Senile Xerosis and Unique Cutaneous Reactivities to Environmental Aeroallergens. Dermatology. 1999; 199(2): 135-139. doi: 10.1159/000018220

[28]Jiamton S, Tangjaturonusamee C, Kulthanan K. Clinical features and aggravating factors in nummular eczema in Thais. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2013; 31(1): 36-42.

[29]Feingold KR, Elias PM. The environmental interface: regulation of permeability barrier homeostasis.. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2000.

[30]Yadav R, Thakur SK, Parihar R, et al. Pharmaceutical Preparation and Evaluation of Cold Cream. IJISRT. 2023; 8(5): 1069-1075.

[31]Lawton S. The structure and function of the skin. Nursing Times. 2019; 115(12): 30-33.

[32]Dabholkar N, Gorantla S, Waghule T, et al. Biodegradable microneedles fabricated with carbohydrates and proteins: Revolutionary approach for transdermal drug delivery. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021; 170: 602-621. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.177

[33]Lai-Cheong JE, McGrath JA. Structure and function of skin, hair and nails. Medicine. 2009; 37(5): 223-226. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2009.03.002

[34]King A, Balaji S, Keswani SG. Biology and Function of Fetal and Pediatric Skin. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 2013; 21(1): 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2012.10.001

[35]Chien Y. Novel Drug Delivery Systems. CRC Press; 1991.

[36]Barnes TM, Mijaljica D, Townley JP, et al. Vehicles for Drug Delivery and Cosmetic Moisturizers: Review and Comparison. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(12): 2012. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122012

[37]Brown MB, Turner R, Lim ST. Topical Product Formulation Development. Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery. 2011; 255-286. doi: 10.1002/9781118140505.ch14

[38]Hon KL, Leung AKC, Barankin B. Barrier Repair Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis: An Overview. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2013; 14(5): 389-399. doi: 10.1007/s40257-013-0033-9

[39]Barry BW. Novel mechanisms and devices to enable successful trandermal drug delivery. Eur. J. Pharma. Sci. 2001; 14: 101-114. doi: 10.1016/S0928-0987(01)00167-1

[40]Ghaffarian R, Muro S. Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2013; (80). doi: 10.3791/50638-v

[41]Otberg N, Richter H, Schaefer H, et al. Variations of Hair Follicle Size and Distribution in Different Body Sites. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2004; 122(1): 14-19. doi: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2003.22110.x

[42]Morrow DIJ, McCarron PA, Woolfson AD, et al. Innovative Strategies for Enhancing Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery. The Open Drug Delivery Journal. 2007; 1(1): 36-59. doi: 10.2174/1874126600701010036

[43]Spada F, Harrison IP, Barnes TM, et al. A daily regimen of a ceramide‐dominant moisturizing cream and cleanser restores the skin permeability barrier in adults with moderate eczema: A randomized trial. Dermatologic Therapy. 2021; 34(4). doi: 10.1111/dth.14970

[44]Kraft JN, Lynde CW. Moisturizers: what they are and a practical approach to product selection. Skin Therapy Lett. 2005; 10(5): 1-8.

[45]Rawlings AV, Canestrari DA, Dobkowski B. Moisturizer technology versus clinical performance. Dermatologic Therapy. 2004; 17(s1): 49-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04s1006.x

[46]Lynde CW. Moisturizers: what they are and how they work. Skin Therapy Lett. 2001; 6(13): 3-5.

[47]Jemec GBE, Na R. Hydration and Plasticity Following Long-term Use of a Moisturizer: A Single-blind Study. ActaDermato-Venereologica. 2002; 82(5): 322-324. doi: 10.1080/000155502320624023

[48]Moisturizing Anti-dehydration. Cosmelenes. Green Tech Naturally. 2013; 1-4.

[49]Shivaji KS, KhedkarAN.Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Moisturizing Cream. IJNRD. 2023; 8(11): a353-a367.

[50]Pons‐Guiraud A. Dry skin in dermatology: a complex physiopathology. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2007; 21(s2): 1-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02379.x

[51]Lohani A, Verma A, Joshi H, et al. Nanotechnology-Based Cosmeceuticals. ISRN Dermatology. 2014; 2014: 1-14. doi: 10.1155/2014/843687

[52]Kang SY, Um JY, Chung BY, et al. Moisturizers in Patients with Inflammatory Skin Diseases. MDPI. 2022; 58: 1-17.

[53]Idson B. Dry skin: Moisturizing and emolliency. Cosmet. Toliet. 1992; 107: 69.

[54]Proksch E, Lachapelle J. The management of dry skin with topical emollients recent perspectives. JDDG: Journal der DeutschenDermatologischenGesellschaft. 2005; 3(10): 768-774. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2005.05068.x

[55]Gallinger J, Kuhn A, Wessel S, et al. Depth‐dependent hydration dynamics in human skin: Vehicle‐controlled efficacy assessment of a functional 10% urea plus NMF moisturizer by near‐infrared confocal spectroscopic imaging (KOSIM IR) and capacitance method complemented by volunteer perception. Skin Research and Technology. 2022; 28(2): 342-349. doi: 10.1111/srt.13137

[56]Lipizencic L, Pastar Z, Marinovic-Kulisic S. Moisturizers review. ActaDermatovenerol Croat. 2006; 14(2): 104-108.

[57]Williams AC, Barry BW. Penetration enhancers. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2012; 64: 128-137. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.032

[58]Stander S, Metz M, Ramos FMH, et al. Anti-pruitic Effect of Sertaconazole 2% Cream in Atopic Dermatitis Subjects: A Prospective, Ramdomized, Double-blind, Vehicle-controlled, Multi-centre Clinical Trial of Efficacy, Safety and Local Tolerability. ActaDermVenereol. 2016; 96(6): 792-796.

[59]Nolan K, Marmur E. Moisturizers: Reality and the skin benefits. Dermatologic Therapy. 2012; 25(3): 229-233. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2012.01504.x

[60]Ahmad A, Arfa FDH, Asifa NS, et al. Characterization and application of moisturizer in skin treatment: A review. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists. 2023; 33(4): 1602-1613.

[61]Bowe WP,Kircik LH. The Importance of Photoprotection and Moisturization in Treating Acne Vulgaris. JDD. 2014; 13(8): s89-s94.

[62]Kanda N, Watanabe S. Ketoconazole Suppresses Interleukin-4 plus Anti-CD40-Induced IgE Class Switching in Surface IgE Negative B Cells from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2002; 119(3): 590-599. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01864.x

[63]Lessmann H, Schnuch A, Geier J, et al. Skin‐sensitizing and irritant properties of propylene glycol. Contact Dermatitis. 2005; 53(5): 247-259. doi: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00693.x

[64]Borgoño CA, Michael IP, Komatsu N, et al. A Potential Role for Multiple Tissue Kallikrein Serine Proteases in Epidermal Desquamation. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2007; 282(6): 3640-3652. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m607567200

[65]Chung BY, Kim HO, Kang SY, et al. Increased 1-Deoxysphingolipids and Skin Barrier Dysfunction in the Skin of X-ray or Ultraviolet B Irradiation and Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Could Be Prevented by Moisturizer with Physiological Lipid Mixture. Annals of Dermatology. 2020; 32(4): 306. doi: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.4.306

[66]Tangadkar KN, Karbhari TS, Lahu SA, et al. SuryawanshiAkshadaDilip. Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Moisturizing Cream. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research. 2022; 9(6): k79-k98.

[67]Pawar SB, Gore A, Slave MT. A Review on Herbal Moisturizer. IJARIIE. 2023; 9(6): 1071-1082.

[68]Dey V, Pangrahi TK, Mohapatra S, et al. Formulation Development and Evaluation of Aloe barabdensis with Solanumlycopersicum extracts on Prepared Polyherbal Moisturizing Cream. IJCRT. 2024; 12(7): d40-d55. doi: 10.1729/Journal.40545

[69]Pal A, Soni M, Patidar K. Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal cream. International Journal Pharmaceutical and Biological Archivers. 2014; 5: 67-71.

[70]Chauhan L, Gupta S. Creams: A Review on Classification, Preparation Methods, Evaluation and its Applications. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2020; 10(5-s): 281-289. doi: 10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4430

[71]Patel RP, Kamani R. Formulation Optimization and Evaluation of MometazoneFuroate Cream. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2009; 10: 1565-1569.

[72]Telang P. Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 2013; 4(2): 143. doi: 10.4103/2229-5178.110593

[73]Kawarkhe PR, Deshmane SV, Biyani KR. Formulation and Evaluation of Antioxidant Face Cream Containing Raspberry Fruit and Grape Seeds Extract. Inventi Journals. 2017; 4: 166-170.

[74]Chang RK, Raw A, Lionberger R, et al. Generic Development of Topical Dermatologic Products: Formulation Development, Process Development, and Testing of Topical Dermatologic Products. The AAPS Journal. 2012; 15(1): 41-52. doi: 10.1208/s12248-012-9411-0

[75]Danby SG, Draelos ZD, Stein Gold LF, et al. Vehiclesforatropic dermatitis therapies: More than just a placebo. J. Dermatolog. Treat. 2020; 1-14.

[76]Mittal A, Sardana S. Herbal boon for wounds. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013; 5: 1-12.

[77]Saraf S, Sahu S, Kaur CD, et al. Comparative measurement of hydration effects of herbal moisturizers. Pharmacognosy Research. 2010; 2(3): 146. doi: 10.4103/0974-8490.65508

[78]Chauhan NN. Phytochemical Analysis of Drugs used in Herbal Creak Cream. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. 2020; 8(2): 526-530. doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2020.2081

[79]Badwaik CB, Lade UB, Agarwal T, et al. Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Cream. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. 2022; 7(1): 955-959.

[80]Saha P, Das S, Saha A. Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Cream For Skin Care Using Extracts of Krishna Tulsi as Active Ingredient with Anti-Microbial Activity. Pharmwave. 2021; 14: 35-43.

[81]Akhtar N. Evaluation of various functional skin parameters using a topical cream of Calendula officinalis extract. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2011; 5(2): 199-206. doi: 10.5897/ajmr10.368

[82]Ahshawat MS, Saraf S, Saraf S. Preparation and characterization of herbal creams for improvement of skin viscoelastic properties. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2008; 30(3): 183-193. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00442.x

[83]Bureau of Indian Standards. Public legal law: Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986, Pub. L. No. 1972-78, Stat. 71 (21 February 1991). Indian Standard Skin Creams-Specification. Bureau of Indian Standards; 2004.

[84]Patil RA,Mahalle SG,Pawar AS. Formulation and Evaluation of Moisturizing Cream using AmaranthusCruentus Seed oil. International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work. 2021; 4(3): 29-39.

[85]Pimpale A. Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antifungal Cream of Garlic Oil. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development. 2018; 3(1): 849-852. doi: 10.31142/ijtsrd19046

[86]Fluhr JW, Wiora G, Nikolaeva DG, et al. In vivo transepidermal water loss: Validation of a new multi‐sensor open chamber water evaporation system Tewameter TM Hex. Skin Research and Technology. 2023; 29(4). doi: 10.1111/srt.13307