Facts of the main rigorous heavy metals affecting Waterfowls health, genetics, and migration habits

Humaira  Aslam; Manel  Mansour; Shehla  Honey; Muhammad Ahsan  Ashraf; Aman  Ullah; Ali  Umar; Nazia  Nusrat; Misbah Ullah  Khan; Jehanzaib  Sohail; Muhammad Mudassar  Hashim; Muhammad waseem  Aslam; Mustansar  Abbas

doi:10.59400/jts1990

Humaira Aslam Centre for Nanosciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan
Manel Mansour Department of Chemistry, University of Picardie, 80000 Amines, France
Shehla Honey Centre for Nanosciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan
Muhammad Ahsan Ashraf Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Aman Ullah Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan
Ali Umar Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Nazia Nusrat Centre for Nanosciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan
Misbah Ullah Khan Centre for Nanosciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan
Jehanzaib Sohail Centre for Nanosciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan
Muhammad Mudassar Hashim Centre for Nanosciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan
Muhammad waseem Aslam Centre for Nanosciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan
Mustansar Abbas Centre for Nanosciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan

Article ID: 1990

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/jts1990

Keywords: energy metabolism; heavy metals; health effects; genetic disorders; habitats; migration; Waterfowl

Abstract

Swans, geese, and ducklings falling under the Anatedae group are important waterfowls to water systems. In this study, migratory birds that cover long distances are affected by some environmental stressors, especially heavy metal contamination. Al, Pb, Hg, Cd, Ni, and other similar metals are received by water structures and are natural in water, but these metals in high concentrations negatively affect the quality of water. Birds drink the polluted water and feed on polluted food, which results in the bioaccumulation of these metals in their body tissues. It leads to several diseases in body organs such as the liver, kidneys, and brain, respiratory disorders, oxidative stress, and alterations in metabolism activities. Some heavy metals known include lead and mercury, which poison the enzymes, which are crucial in the energy metabolism, hence survival. Effects of long-term exposure are DNA change, hereditary disorders, and reproductive problems such as eggshell hardness and fertility. Birds and waterfowl in particular, which may act as bioassays of the ecosystem, have experienced falls in their population because of contamination from heavy metals, which affects food chains through migration. This can only be done through concerted efforts among nations, constant monitoring of the quality of water in these habitats, and controlling water pollution with a view to preserving these birds and their habitats.

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