Chemical health hazards and toxicity of environmental pollutants on humans, animals and others: An overview

Suresh R. Naik; Dipesh Gamare; Amisha Bhopatrao

doi:10.59400/jts.v2i1.1135

Suresh R. Naik D. Y Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Pune 411018, India
Dipesh Gamare Department of Pharmaceutics, Yashwantrao Bhonsale College of Pharmacy, Sawantwadi 416510, India
Amisha Bhopatrao Department of Pharmaceutical, Sciences and Biotechnology, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Dublin, Ireland

Article ID: 1135

797 Views, 212 PDF Downloads

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/jts.v2i1.1135

Keywords: hydrocarbons; pesticides; heavy metals; volatile organic solvents; endocrine disrupting chemicals; environmental pollutants; toxicity

Abstract

Toxicology, rooted in ancient civilizations and evolving through pivotal historical figures like Paracelsus and Alice Hamilton, has become a multidisciplinary field encompassing various branches such as pharmacology, medical, forensic, and environmental toxicology. This exploration embarks on a journey through time and science, unravelling the intricate interplay between chemicals and pollutants and their profound impacts on human, animal, and environmental well-being. Spanning from ancient practices like the use of hemlock in Greek capital punishment to modern-day concerns surrounding industrial chemicals and pesticides, the review delves into the mechanisms by which toxins disrupt biochemical pathways and induce organ dysfunctions. From heavy metals and pesticides persistent effects on the nervous and reproductive systems to the carcinogenic properties of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The review highlights the diverse range of toxicants and their widespread impact on human health. Additionally, the review underscores the importance of proactive measures to mitigate exposure to harmful substances, advocating for the development of antidotes, bioremediation techniques, and stricter environmental regulations. By addressing the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to combat toxicological hazards, this review aims to contribute to ongoing efforts to safeguard public health and environmental sustainability in the face of evolving chemical threats.

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