Global dynamics of an HBV-HIV co-infection model incorporating latent reservoirs

  • Ahmed Elaiw Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
  • Abdulaziz Alhmadi Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; General Studies Department, Technical College, Technical and Vocational Training Corporation, Jeddah 21494, Saudi Arabia
  • Aatef Hobiny Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Article ID: 2873
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59400/adecp2873
Keywords: HIV; HBV; co-infection; global dynamics; Lyapunov stability

Abstract

HBV and HIV are both blood-borne viruses with overlapping transmission routes, leading to higher HBV prevalence among people with HIV. While mathematical models have been extensively used to study each virus individually, co-infection dynamics have been relatively underexplored in research. This study presents a new within-host co-infection model for HIV and HBV that includes latent reservoirs. It accounts for HIV infecting both CD4+ T cells and hepatocytes, while HBV targets only hepatocytes. The model features both latent and active infection states for each cell type, along with free viral particles for both viruses. The model undergoes a qualitative analysis, leading to the derivation of four threshold parameters (Ri, i = 0, 1, 2, 3) that govern the existence and stability of its four equilibrium points. The stability conditions for each equilibrium of the model are determined through the construction of Lyapunov functions. Computational simulations are performed to confirm the key theoretical findings, while sensitivity analysis assesses how various parameters influence the basic reproductive numbers for HIV (R0) and HBV (R1) single-infections. The impact of anti-HIV and anti-HBV drugs is examined, and the critical efficacy thresholds for both therapies are identified. If the treatment effectiveness exceeds these thresholds, complete eradication of both HIV and HBV can be achieved.

Published
2025-06-05
How to Cite
Elaiw, A., Alhmadi, A., & Hobiny, A. (2025). Global dynamics of an HBV-HIV co-infection model incorporating latent reservoirs. Advances in Differential Equations and Control Processes, 32(2), 2873. https://doi.org/10.59400/adecp2873
Issue
Vol. 32 No. 2 (2025)
Section
Article

Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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