Optimization of mirror mount design based on opto-mechanical performance for space applications
Abstract
A new fixation type for mirror assembly was proposed in space telescope. The optomechanical design of a large aperture is necessary to maintain the stability of the optical structure regarding environmental disturbances, restrictions on the weight, size and shape of the mirror, which must be satisfied for space applications. This paper presents a study focusing on the optimal optomechanical design for mirror mounting using glue pad bonding. We have developed a new design specifically tailored for the BK-7 mirror with a diameter of 500 mm and a thickness of 45 mm. The primary aim of this research is to determine the optimal combination of glue pad number, size, and thickness to minimize both glue stress and errors in the mirror’s shape. To achieve this, we conduct simulations under various load cases, varying the size and thickness of the glue pads. The new design results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method, which greatly minimizes thermal stress in the mirror and ensures adequate supporting stiffness. This solution for the mirror and mount design can provide valuable support to decision-makers and optical engineers during the development phase of space optomechanical systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
[1]Reiss RS. Keynote Address Opto-Mechanical Instrument Design. Optomechanical Systems Engineering. 1987; 0817: 154. doi: 10.1117/12.967421
[2]Chin D. Optical Mirror-Mount Design and Philosophy. Applied Optics. 1964; 3(7): 895. doi: 10.1364/ao.3.000895
[3]Slocum A. Kinematic couplings: A review of design principles and applications. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 2010; 50(4): 310-327. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.10.006
[4]Hale LC, Slocum AH. Optimal design techniques for kinematic couplings. Precision Engineering. 2001; 25(2): 114-127. doi: 10.1016/S0141-6359(00)00066-0
[5]Fang S, Hai H, Zhang R, et al. Design of the primary mirror assembly for a space gravitational wave based on the optical path variation model. Applied Optics. 2024; 63(17): 4598. doi: 10.1364/ao.520536
[6]Liu S, Hu R, Li Q, et al. Topology optimization-based lightweight primary mirror design of a large-aperture space telescope. Applied Optics. 2014; 53(35): 8318. doi: 10.1364/ao.53.008318
[7]Jiang P, Xue C, Wang K, et al. Design and optimization of the tripod flexure for a 2m lightweight mirror for space application. Applied Optics. 2022; 62(1): 217. doi: 10.1364/ao.476783
[8]Guo J, Qin T, Han P, et al. Research on the position of the neutral surface of the space lightweight mirror with a two-axis bipod flexible mount. Optics Express. 2024; 32(23): 42126. doi: 10.1364/oe.541310
[9]Jiang P, Wang X, Wang K, et al. Lightweight structure and unequal length flexible support design of a 1.3×1.2 m rectangular, horizontally supported mirror. Applied Optics. 2024; 63(27): 7244. doi: 10.1364/ao.531478
[10]Tomar S, Meena BR. Design of primary mirror mount for spaceborne EO payload. International conference on small satelittes; 2020.
[11]Liu G, Guo L, Wang X, et al. Topology and parametric optimization based lightweight design of a space reflective mirror. Optical Engineering. 2018; 57(07): 1. doi: 10.1117/1.oe.57.7.075101
[12]Jiang P, Zhou P. Optimization of a lightweight mirror with reduced sensitivity to the mount location. Applied Optics. 2020; 59(12): 3799. doi: 10.1364/ao.383391
[13]Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu J, et al. Accurate modeling of thermal-optical performance for a lightweight SiC mirror. Applied Optics. 2024; 63(20): 5421. doi: 10.1364/ao.529502
[14]Chen YC, Huang BK, You ZT, et al. Optimization of lightweight structure and supporting bipod flexure for a space mirror. Applied Optics. 2016; 55(36): 10382. doi: 10.1364/ao.55.010382
[15]Dong Z, Zhu J, Liu Z, et al. Structural stability design of an optical mirror mount adjustment mechanism. Applied Optics. 2023; 62(35): 9291. doi: 10.1364/ao.501644
[16]Lee J, Rhee HG, Son ES, et al. Optimal design of a coudé mirror assembly for a 1-m class ground telescope. Current Optics and Photonics. 2023; 7(4): 435-442.
[17]Liu X, Zhang X, Tian F. Opto-mechanical design of monocrystalline silicon mirror for a reflective imaging optical system. Current optics and Photonics. 2022; 6(3): 236-243.
[18]Yoder P, Vukobratovich D. Opto-mechanical systems design, design and analysis of opto-mechanical assemblies, 4th ed. Taylor1&Francis Group; Volume.1, 2015.
[19]Yoder P, Vukobratovich D. Opto-mechanical systems design, design and analysis of opto-mechanical assemblies, 4th ed. Taylor1&Francis Group; Volume.2, 2015.
[20]Schwertz K, Burge JH. Field guide to optomechanical design and analysis. Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE); 2012.
[21]Vukobratovich D, Yoder P. Fundamentals of Optomechanics. CRC Press; 2018. doi: 10.1201/9781351210867
[22]Anees A. Handbook of optomechanical engineering. CRS Press; 2017. doi: 10.4324/9781315153247
[23]Venzel VI, Dmitriev IYu, Murav’eva ES, et al. Technology for developing a high-aperture four-mirror lens with aspherical mirrors. Journal of Optical Technology. 2023; 90(1): 14. doi: 10.1364/jot.90.000014
[24]Kihm H, Lee YW. Optimization and Tolerance Scheme for a Mirror Mount Design Based on Optomechanical Performance. Journal of the Korean Physical Society. 2010; 57(3): 440-445. doi: 10.3938/jkps.57.440
[25]Kihm H, Yang HS, Moon IK, et al. Adjustable bipod flexures for mounting mirrors in a space telescope. Applied Optics. 2012; 51(32): 7776. doi: 10.1364/ao.51.007776
[26]Shivaprakashb P, Venkateswaran R, Raha B. Design optimization of bipod flexural mount for large size light weighted mirror for space applications. Physics; 2015.
[27]Liu B, Wang W, Qu YJ, et al. Design of an adjustable bipod flexure for a large-aperture mirror of a space camera. Applied Optics. 2018; 57(15): 4048. doi: 10.1364/ao.57.004048
[28]Huo T, Yu J, Zhao H. Design of a kinematic flexure mount for precision instruments based on stiffness characteristics of flexural pivot. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 2020; 150: 103868. doi: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2020.103868
[29]Zhang L, Wang T, Zhang F, et al. Design and optimization of integrated flexure mounts for unloading lateral gravity of a lightweight mirror for space application. Applied Optics. 2021; 60(2): 417. doi: 10.1364/ao.414054
[30]Hatheway AE, Vukobratovich D, Yoder PR, Genberg VL. Analysis of adhesive bonds in optics. In: opto mechanical design. SPIE; 1993.
[31]Bass M, Van Stryland EW, Wiliams DR, Wolfe WL. Handbook of optics. Fundamentals, technique and design, 2 ed. The optical society of America; 1995.
[32]Yoder P. Opto-mechanical systems design, 3rd ed. SPIE Press; 2006.
[33]Maamar F, Boudjemai A. Optomechanical optimal design configuration and analysis of glue pad bonds in lens mounting for space application. Advances in Space Research. 2020; 65(10): 2263-2275. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.01.025
[34]Yoder PR. Mounting optics in optical instruments. In: Society of photos-optical instrumentation engineers, 2 ed. SPIE Press Bellingham, Washington; 2008.
[35]Michels G, Genberg V. SigFit reference manual. Sigmadyne copyright; 2011.



