Polymer nanocomposites doped with nanocarbon
Abstract
Possibilities of usage of polymer materials are expanded considerably as a result of the addition of nanocarbon particles (carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, and nanostructured graphite). The article contains the consideration of several examples of producing and practical applications of polymer-based composites doped with nanocarbon particles. Such particles possess high electric and thermal conductivity; therefore, the usage of nanocarbon additives permits one to obtain polymer-based composite materials with enhanced transport characteristics. Polymers doped with carbon nanoparticles exhibit percolation conduction so that the charge transport proceeds by a limited number of percolation paths formed by contacting particles. Imperfection of contacts determines the non-linear character of the conduction of such composites: the resistance decreases with the applied voltage increase. The thermal conductivity of nanocarbon particles exceeds that for polymers by 4–5 orders of magnitude; therefore, even a small additive of nanocarbon (on the level of several percent) permits one to get a polymer material with enhanced thermal conductivity. Nanocarbon-doped composites find application particularly as phase change materials, which are able to accumulate and release considerable thermal energy as a result of the phase transition. One more direction of the usage of nanocarbon-doped composites relates to the development of the optical sensor on the basis of carbon nanoparticles. In this device, amplification of the Raman signal, bringing information on the chemical composition and structural characteristics of an object, is reached as a result of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with plasmon oscillations of conducting nanoparticles.
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