Photovoltaic sensibility of optical biosensor produced by flexible and stretchable rubber utilized physical paradigm of solar cell
Abstract
It is expected that the physical paradigm of solar cells will be possible to fabricate optical biosensors that mimic the human eye, including flexibility and stretchability. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the morphological fabrication of an optical biosensor made of rubber by utilizing the physical paradigm of solar cells involving electric and chemical processes. However, a critical problem of current solar cells is their use of pieces of solid transparent conductive glass as electrodes, as especially shown in organic thin-film type solar cells involving dye-synthesized and perovskite-type solar cells. Therefore, we must solve this problem in order to be able to develop flexible and stretchable solar cells for optical biosensors. The key point of the solution is to avoid using rigid conductive glass and to coat a flexible and stretchable material such as rubber with TiO2. In the present study, we proposed a novel fabrication technique for a flexible and stretchable rubber coated with TiO2 by electrolytic polymerization utilizing our developed magnetic responsive intelligent fluid, hybrid fluid (HF), in order to produce the optical biosensor. The photovoltaic results experimentally demonstrated the photovoltage response to illumination with around 3–60 mV enhancement. In addition, we elucidated the photovoltaic mechanism by using electrochemical measurement involving the cyclic voltammetry (CV) profile and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), introducing the equivalent electric circuit's intrinsic structure. The results demonstrated that the rubber type behaves dominantly in the area outside the electrical double layer (EDL) under illumination, and then the response time of photovoltage to illumination is slow with non-linear CV profiles. On the other hand, the optical biosensor type behaves dominantly in the EDL under illumination, and then the response time is fast with linear CV profiles, which denotes that the optical biosensor type is optimal for photodiodes. Furthermore, these results can demonstrate the chemical-photovoltaic reaction of the HF rubber involving TiO2. The investigation might present the viability of the fabrication of ophthalmological systems that mimic the human eye.
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