Nano and Medical Materials

Quantum chemical simulation of epirubicin interaction with fullerene and carbon graphene-like plane

B. M. Gorelov — 2024-07-26

Creation of new “targeted delivery” drugs is one of priority areas of pharmacology and is especially true for oncology. Medicinal substances, in particular those of anthracycline series, immobilized on the surface of nanosized carriers for the targeted delivery of drugs to target organs or target tissues, allow creating an optimal concentration of the drug in the area of therapeutic effect. The latter significantly reduces systemic toxicity by decreasing the total dose and longer retention in the lesion, as well as increasing the solubility and bioavailability of drugs. Ones of promising drug delivery nanosystems are carbon materials, in particular, fullerene (C₆₀) and pristine or modified graphene. The feature of carbon systems, in contrast to organic and dielectric transport systems, is their high conductivity and the dependence of the interaction energy between atoms of transporters and drugs on their charge state. To date, the specifics of the interaction of epirubicin with a graphene-like plane (GP) and fullerene at the atomic level remain poorly understood. Therefore, the energy parameters of the interaction of GP and C₆₀ with epirubicin in various protolytic forms, which reveal at different pH values of the aqueous medium, were studied using quantum chemistry methods. Calculations were carried out using the MOPAC2016 program and the PM6-D3H4X method, in which, along with hydrogen bonds, the dispersion interactions are taken into account. Based on the analysis of the results of quantum chemical studies, the thermodynamic probability of the epirubicin adsorption process on GP is predicted in the entire pH range of the aqueous medium, as evidenced by the negative values of interaction enthalpies in all four cases. It has been found that epirubicin (protonated form) will have the greatest adsorption both on the graphene plane (−209.1 kJ/mol) and upon interaction with the fullerene molecule (−121.3 kJ/mol).

Hydrothermally doping valve metal Nb into Titanate nanofibers structure for potentially engineering bone tissue

Yang Tian — 2024-03-07

Recent research efforts in bone tissue engineering have been primarily directed towards manufacture-viable synthesis of biomaterials that can significantly enhance the biocompatibilities and osteogenic capabilities on the new biomaterials. This paper presents a straightforward, cost-effective, optimized, and well-controlled hydrothermal synthesis of Nb-doped potassium titanate nanofibers in high-purity. Characterization data revealed that the Nb-doping potassium titanate maintained the crystal structure, showing great promise for applications in bone tissue engineering.

Nano-magnetism unleashed: Targeted healing in yoga and physiotherapy with magnetic nanoparticles

Noor Zulfiqar — 2024-06-27

This review article explores the innovative applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in yoga and physiotherapy for targeted healing. MNPs’ unique magnetic properties enable precise treatment and minimal invasiveness, offering significant potential in medical applications. Recent studies highlight the promising integration of MNPs into yoga and physiotherapy, enhancing the efficacy of these interventions by precisely targeting affected areas. This review also examines nanotechnology’s pivotal role in modern medical practices, showcasing MNPs’ contributions to pain management and tissue regeneration. By analyzing current developments and future prospects, the article aims to inspire further research and innovation in MNP-based targeted healing within yoga and physiotherapy.

Preparation and analysis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by plant extract techniques of green tea and study optical and structural properties

Ashraf M. Alattar — 2024-10-11

In order to study the green creation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by decreasing the Ag+ ions in a silver nitrate solution, green tea plant extract was utilized. The generated AgNPs were examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The produced AgNPs were 685 nm in size, spherical in shape, polydispersed in nature, and exhibited a maximum absorbance at 416 nm. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus were successfully combatted by the AgNPs.

Formulation and development of topical nano-emulgel TDDS for delivering Vitex Negundo as a painkiller: Enhancing effectiveness with natural essential oil permeation promoters in an innovative drug delivery system for rheumatoid arthritis treatment—A NDDS

Bhandare Saurabh Dilip — 2024-11-29

Vitex negundo is a powerful herbal anti-inflammatory with effects similar to those of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Despite its benefits, Vitex negundo shares some drawbacks with NSAIDs, including gastrointestinal side effects such as vomiting and poor transdermal penetration, which limits its effectiveness in transdermal and gastrointestinal drug delivery. This study aimed to enhance the bioavailability of Vitex negundo by developing nano-emulgel with reduced particle size and to assess their effectiveness in treating rheumatoid arthritis. The researchers utilised a modified emulsification-diffusion method to create nanosized dispersions of Vitex negundo, incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent. Essential oils were also included to improve skin penetration by interacting with the stratum corneum (SC), thus enhancing the absorption of both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. The prepared Vitex negundo nano-emulgel were evaluated for various parameters, including rheology, particle size, drug content, drug release percentage, and in-vitro diffusion. The results indicated favourable properties: the particle size was 120.10 nm, the zeta potential was ± 30 mV, drug content was 99.50%, drug release percentage was 98.92%, and drug diffusion was approximately 98%. The formulation also had a pH of 6.8 ± 0.1. Overall, the Vitex negundo nano-emulgel, formulated with HPMC and eucalyptus oil as a permeation enhancer, demonstrated potential as an effective topical treatment for oedema and rheumatoid arthritis. “The study illustrates the formulation process of a drug blended with a polymer matrix. The drug is uniformly dispersed within the polymer matrix through high-shear mixing, ensuring optimal integration and consistency in the final product. The process involves high-shear blending to achieve a homogenous mixture, enhancing the drug’s stability and release characteristics within the polymer matrix.”

Preparation of cuttlefish ink-porphyrin nanoconjugates and its application in photodynamic-photothermal synergistic treatment of tumor cells

Wei Wang — 2024-12-05

Biologically derived nanomaterials have gained increasing attention in tumor diagnosis and treatment due to their inherent biocompatibility. In this study, a nanoconjugate of cuttlefish ink (M, extracted from cuttlefish ink sacs) and meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP), termed M-TCPP, was synthesized. The nanoparticle size of M-TCPP was approximately 120 nm, and it could be activated by a 660 nm light to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via TCPP for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumor cells. Additionally, when triggered by an 808 nm light (near-infrared light), the cuttlefish ink component efficiently converted light into heat for photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumor cells. Compared to standalone PDT or PTT, the synergistic combination of PDT-PTT resulted in significantly enhanced tumor cell destruction. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that M-TCPP exhibited no noticeable toxic side effects. The research offers some inspiration for the development of natural multifunctional biomaterials and their use in tumor therapy.

Nanomaterials in drug delivery—Promises and limitations

Manisha Mishra — 2024-06-25

The unprecedented upsurge of human suffering, whose canvas seems to broaden by the emergence of incurable diseases as a result of evolution of novel strains of microbes is further compounded by the development of antimicrobial resistance, growing urbanization and lifestyle. Nanomaterials are of nano size-ranging from 10–100 nm, and nowadays, they are finding immense applications in drug delivery owing to their advantages over the conventional drug delivery systems. This review article aims to discuss various types of nanomaterials including polymeric nanoparticles (polymersomes, dendrimers, polymer micelles, nanospheres, and nanogels), inorganic nanoparticles (SiNPs, quantum dots, MXenes, FeONPs, and AuNPs) and lipid-based nanomaterials (liposome, lipid nanoparticles, emulsions, and niosomes) in drug delivery applications. Besides this, the manuscript also discusses their limitations, suitability, theranostics, and safety concerns in drug delivery. From the discussion about their applications and limitations in drug delivery, it can be conclusively stated that because of their versatility, the nanomaterials are promising contenders in the field of nanomedicine and their utility in healthcare has convincingly endorsed the fact that however ‘nano’ the dimensions of nanomaterials are, they have colossal relevance.

Footprints of Nanocarrier on multi drug resistance therapy

Sayali Aher — 2024-01-07

As it is commonly recognized, the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) is increasingly prevalent on a global scale, posing significant challenges in the realm of treatment. MDR refers to a condition where resistance to various medications, which may differ in their chemical composition and mode of action, arises due to the presence of numerous mechanisms. In response to multidrug resistance (MDR), developing technologies in the field of nanotechnology, particularly Nanocarrier, are being utilized as counteractive measures. Nanocarrier refers to biodegradable materials that are employed in the field of drug delivery. Their primary function is to improve the solubility of medications that have low solubility, boosting their bioavailability. Additionally, nanocarriers enable the timed release of drugs and facilitate the accurate targeting of specific areas inside the body. Nanocarriers exhibit a diverse range of morphologies and dimensions, encompassing nanofibers, nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and nanotubes. These nanocarriers can be administered through injection, subcutaneous delivery, or intramuscular administration. In this review article, we focus on different nanocarriers and their use in MDR.

A brief review on declarative concepts of pharmaceutical characteristics, classification, mechanisms, preparation, formulation and evaluation studies of moisturizing cream

Victor Dey — 2024-11-26

The pharmaceutical creams play important role on tropical applications in which moisturizers are one of the widely industrial preparations involved for to nourish, soften and moisten the skin for the clients. These are mainly effectively works on dry skin clients combating various cases such as itch, pain, stinging, tightness, tingling and many more problems. The moisturizers are products mainly aimed to raising the SC’s water surface content helps the skin smooth, hydrates and hence maintaining a normal pH of skin. They are classified as emollients, humectants, occlusives and protein rejuvenators moisturizers helps to aid skin layers and even modifies its barriers. But its ingredients needed to be considered as non-irritant, nontoxic and non-adverse effects. This review main purpose is to describe about the overall published studies being for making moisturizing creams are interest able, advantageous and all the characteristics, mechanism, preparation, formulation and evaluation within the elegant criteria fulfilled. Even have clinical details for various disorder which are already been suggested by expert as well as adjuvant therapy suggested by experts. The patterns are being studied about water-in-oil emulsion design along with its needs which are being qualified under evaluation parameters for to know about qualified moisturizing creams.