Benchmarking analysis at establishing a culture of wellness

: This article aims to establish trends in motor development through basketball activities as a prerequisite for building a wellness culture, revealing the impact of basketball exercises on motor activity in junior high school. The interests of the research are aimed at following the dynamics in the motor potential and establishing and evaluating the presence of wellness within the framework of school physical education. More specifically, the creation of a culture of wellness in the junior high school stage of the educational degree. A reliable and objective toolkit for diagnosing the level of motor potential in 12–14-year-old students was selected and applied, specifying the empirical data from the conducted research. The purpose of the research is to follow the dynamics of the motor potential in the two stages of research and to establish a wellness culture in the junior high school stage of the educational degree in the lesson of physical education and sports, based on a comparative analysis of the dynamics of motor indicators in the two cognitive stages of the study. Through legislative changes in school education, the direction “school health”, in particular the expected competences, is regulated. Key competence #9 requires knowledge and skills for sustainable development, implementation of a healthy lifestyle, and sports in the Bulgarian school. To achieve the goal, the following research tasks are solved: experimentation of a basketball training program aimed at the development of motor qualities, as a result of which the dynamics in the development of motor qualities of students studying basketball in physical education and sports classes. Based on the benchmarking analysis, it can be concluded that the results achieved at baseline show an improvement in the motor condition of the studied contingent. Motor indicators show intense dynamics in 12–14-year-old students, modeling their motor potential and confirming the presence of a wellness culture in the Bulgarian school. It can be summarized that a benchmarking analysis was carried out to establish dynamics in the indicators and the manifestation of motor skills between the students of the 4th and 5th grade, allowing the individualization of the differences in the motor potential between the empirical data in the cognitive stages of the study.


Introduction
In every pedagogical activity, students are subject to continuous evaluation based on comparative analyses of certain achievements and results-benchmarking analyses [1,2].It is important that modern assessment tools are objective and allow the representation of a standard [3][4][5][6].Traditionally, regulatory requirements have a dynamic nature, which allows for change depending on social conditions [7][8][9].The results of the experimental study reflect the current state of motor activity in the monitored contingent.They are a complex indicator of the activity of the teacher in the PES lesson [10][11][12].For the state of motor activity, in sports-pedagogical practice it is accepted to judge by establishing a level in the development of motor capacity [13][14][15].Based on the collected empirical material, a comparative analysis was carried out according to pre-assigned tasks in the PES lesson, and key conclusions from the research were drawn.It can be concluded that the motor condition of the studied contingent is improving.The motor indicators show intense dynamics, modeling the motor potential and confirming the presence of a wellness culture in the Bulgarian school.The individualization in the differences of the motor potential between the empirical data in the cognitive stages of the study is the basis for the presence of the wellness culture in the junior high school stage of the Bulgarian school.

Material and methods
The present study was conducted during the academic year (2022-2023).Motor activity of 40 students-research contingent, divided equally into two target groupscontrol and experimental with 20 students in each, was tracked.The research contingent was aged 12-14 from a metropolitan high school.The purpose of the study is to track dynamics in motor potential at the beginning and end of the research period and establish a wellness culture in the junior high school stage of the educational degree in the PES lesson based on a benchmarking analysis in the dynamics of motor indicators in the two cognitive stages of the study.The tracked levels of motor development determine the average values of the investigated indicators, and the established dynamics in the tracked empirical data are the basis for justifying the existence of a wellness culture in junior high school.Indicators allowing harmonization and individualization of motor potential differences between the collected empirical data from the two cognitive periods were analyzed.Scientifically based conclusions will establish the presence or absence of dynamics in motor capacity.Measurement of motor potential was carried out in the period 1 September 2022-30 June 2023.To establish the relationship between the indicators, a benchmarking analysis of dynamics in the indicators was applied through mathematical-statistical processing to derive coefficients of variation.To achieve the goals, an objective test methodology was used to measure and evaluate motor capacity.Synthesized in three stages, proceeding sequentially, the following research tasks were solved: The first stage-ascertaining experiment-includes the selection of means and methods, the formation of a research contingent, and specifying a place for performing the experiment.
The second stage-formative experiment-covers the time for experimental work.Training sessions are held once a week.Before the beginning of the research part, testing was carried out on motor activity tests set in the study.A total of 40 junior high school students, divided into two target groups, took part in the experiment.The group of basketball practitioners-an experimental target group-was formed by 20 students (10 boys and 10 girls) engaged in an established curriculum.Taking indicators and grouping results separately for both genders in order to track gender differentiation.
Third stage-pedagogical experiment-in this stage motor tests were conducted on control and experimental groups.The results were processed mathematically and statistically and analyzed.Ability to report the motor capacity of basketball players, as well as to draw some basic conclusions and recommendations for practice.
In order to obtain information about basic motor qualities, the following tests were used: running 30 meters; 200-meter shuttle run; long jump from a standing position with two feet; standing high jump.In sports-pedagogical practice, the state of motor activity is evaluated by the level of development of motor qualities.A characteristic of motor activity is that it is a measurable activity using objective criteria, which determines control and management in the desired direction.Based on the obtained results, a quantitative and qualitative assessment is made, depending on the task set.Indicators in assessing motor capacity for speed, which is a complex, multi-structural motor quality.In the conducted research, we measured with the test "Running 30 m from a high start"-Table 1 At the start of the study, the tracked contingent registered identical motor capacity for speed on a 30-meter smooth run.The obtained differences of the average values at the first measurement are unreliable: P < 95%, which speaks of equal possibilities.• t1-first measurement-1.8 and P < 95%; • t2-the second measurement-2.7,which proves that P > 95%.
As a result of basketball training, within 34 hours of training, there were significant changes in the experimental group-P < 95%.Before the experimental period, the mean value was 11.4 s, and after the experiment it was 11.1 s.The average value has decreased by 0.3 sec.This shows that from experimental group they improved their results i.e. basketball training has had a positive impact on endurance.The same motor test was used to study the development of quality speed in girls for both target groups-Table 2 At the beginning of the study, at the first measurement, P < 95%, which speaks of equal opportunities for all girls.
At the end of the study, we found that basketball training did not significantly affect the girls of the experimental group for this motor indicator.
The test conducted for boys 200-meter shuttle run from both target groups shows the following results-Table 3. Credible changes occurred in an experimental group.Before the experiment, the average value was 49 s, and after the experiment it was 48 s.The decrease of the average magnitude by 0.7 sec.proves that basketball is a suitable means of developing endurance.The test conducted for girls from both target groups shows the following results-Table 4. The girls from both target groups registered a decrease in the mean values ofthe mean arithmetic value for the control group.The difference in the control group is 0.6 sec., and in the experimental group 0.9 sec.• t1-first measurement-0.58 and P < 95%; • t2-the second measurement-0.82,which proves that P > 95%.
According to the studied indicator, gender differences are in favor of boys.The information from the "Long jump" test-indicator for measuring the explosive force of the lower limbs-Tables 5 and 6.From the first measurement, it was found that the average values of boys in the experimental group were = 130.7 cm.After conducting the experiment and retaking the indicators, it was found that the results were improved.The average value at the second measurement is now = 142.7 cm, with a standard deviation S = 3.6 cm and a coefficient of variation V% = 2.5%.
• t1-first measurement-0.1 and P < 95%; • t2-second measurement-3.43, which proves that P > 95%.This gives reason to claim that basketball leads to an improvement in the speedpower capabilities of the lower limbs.Table 6 shows the results of a test conducted on girls.
At the beginning of the study, girls from the control and experimental groups have the same abilities: P < 95%, and after the basketball training, P > 95%.
• t1-first measurement-09 and P < 95%; • t2-the second measurement-2.56,which proves that P > 95%.Credible changes occurred in an experimental group.For the experimental group, the first measurement was 121.6 cm, and after the experiment, it was 132 cm.The difference of 5.6 cm compared to the experimental group-10.4cm-defines the experimental program as reliable in the development of motor abilities.Bounce-ability as a complex motor quality is determined by the ability of the examined person to perform speed-force movements in a horizontal, vertical, or mixed plane and is related to overcoming the weight of the body.It depends to a large extent on the musculature of the lower limbs, as well as on the activity of swinging movements of the hands.Through the "High Jump from a Place" test, we tracked how the explosive power of the lower limbs changes after applying basketball elements-Tables 7 and 8. • t1-first measurement-0.16 and P < 95%; • t2-second measurement-3.92, which proves that P > 95%.These results are analogous to those obtained from the Long Jump test, i.e., an improvement in the explosive power of the lower limbs was registered.This gives us reason to claim that basketball training improves motor skills in the conditions of a properly organized learning process.
The difference in average value of the two measurements in the control group is d = 2.2 cm, and in the experimental group d = 3.6 cm.• t1-first measurement-0.12 and P < 95%; • t2-the second measurement-1.88,which proves that P > 95%.
In both cases, P < 95%.In this motor test, the advantage is in favor of the boys.

Results
Benchmarking-analysis of the data found that the indicators carrying information about the studied motor activity in the conducted experimental study at the baseline level reported an improvement to a significant extent.According to the mathematicalstatistical methods described in the research, including benchmarking-analysis, to determine average values and deviations of the indicators, a variation analysis was applied with the calculation of average statistical parameters to establish dynamics in tracked indicators, as follows: Sample distribution makes it possible to compare the variation of different traits.It is used to assess the homogeneity of the sample:

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The dispersion of the sign is small (the sample is uniform), with values between 10%-12%.
• Above 30%, the scatter is large (the sample is highly heterogeneous).It was established that, in a theoretical aspect, the theory for the development of the basic motor qualities of the 5th grade students practicing basketball exercises was not sufficiently developed.Regarding the development of motor qualities, more significant changes were observed in the boys in the experimental group.Boys at this age are better in terms of running speed, speed-power capabilities, and endurance, and girls have more pronounced motor quality flexibility.The applied basketball program leads to effective development of motor skills.
Practical recommendations: Regular updating and improvement of motor activity through basketball exercises of 4th and 5th grade students.Implementation in practice of the proposed, developed, and experimented basketball program in the 5th grade curriculum.

Discussion
The multi-layered motor potential in the age aspect shows an uneven and continuous deployment of motor activity.It was found that, in terms of the development of motor skills, more significant changes were observed in the boys in the experimental target group.Boys in the tracked age range are better in speed, speedpower capabilities, and endurance.Girls show better development in flexibility.The applied basketball program leads to effective development of motor skills, confirming school wellness in the Bulgarian school.

Conclusions
Based on the benchmarking analysis of the above data, it can be concluded that the results achieved at the initial level show that the motor condition of the studied contingent is improving.Motor indicators exhibit intense dynamics in 12-14-year-old students, modeling their motor potential and confirming the presence of a wellness culture in the Bulgarian school.It can be summarized that a benchmarking analysis was performed to establish dynamics in indicators and manifestation of motor skills between 4th and 5th-grade students, allowing individualization in motor potential

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S-standard deviation-the most precise measure of dispersion.It describes the degree of deviation of the values of the variable from the arithmetic mean.It is determined by the equation: = √ Σ( 1 − ̅ ) 2  − 1where: Σx-sum of the values; Xi-each value of the variable in the sample; nvolume of the sample; d-mean value difference.

Table 1 .
. Running 30 m from a high start (sec)-boys.

Table 2 .
. Running 30 m from a high start (sec)-girls.

Table 7 .
High jump from a place (cm)-boys.

Table 8 .
High jump from a place (cm)-girls.