Human-divine communication in “The Nine Songs”: A symbolic anthropological perspective
Abstract
This paper focuses on the theme of human-divine communication in the shamanic rites in Chu ci, uses “The Nine Songs” as the object of study, and discusses the functions and cultural connotations of four types of symbols in the process of human-divine communication, namely natural symbols, animal symbols, artifact symbols, and behavioral symbols. Natural symbols, such as thunder and lightning, as well as the sun and the moon, reflect the reverence and worship of the Chu people for the natural world. Animal symbols, such as dragons and phoenixes, symbolize sanctity and dignity. Artifact symbols, such as sacrificial vessels and musical instruments, serve as mediums in the rituals and strengthen the connection between humans and divinities. Behavioral symbols, such as dances and singing, embody the ways in which shamans interact with divinities. These symbols not only enrich the artistic expression of Chu ci, but also profoundly embody the unique religious beliefs, cultural concepts, and social structure of Chu.
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